{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:06.269Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Serbia exports to Ghana: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Serbia to Ghana, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "SRB",
    "country_name": "Serbia"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "all_history_lane_count": 17,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "current_product_count": 6,
    "first_observed_last_year": 2014,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 2209428.5274642766,
    "attention_trade_usd": 1688164.6251522687,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 299732.25628508156,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 0,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 2144979.7658472387,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 1,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 3,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 0,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 5,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0430714869312439,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 1.2872313660527148,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 5961.470506807324,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 76.40729736977491,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 89.4990220004806,
    "top_product_hs6": "852580",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 1688164.6251522687,
    "top_product_description": "Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "852580",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": null,
    "shares_land_border": null,
    "shares_official_language": null,
    "common_spoken_language_score": null,
    "has_reported_fta": null,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.205789876296297,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 13.205789876296297,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": null,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": null,
    "buyer_population_latest": null,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 3.7856910333109672,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.8008640533864417,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.9497152586874344,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 23.753999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 17.79,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 76.40729736977491,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": null,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": null,
    "buyer_population_2024": null
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 35435.65365662384,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 16919.606857990966,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -52.25258994247943,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 1944.1931909778084,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -88.50922951522608,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 315567.3946756808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16131.27763949065,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 107.27673480786603
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 66941.10324029221,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -78.78706597394518,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 58.16153307824323
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 115490.24713285161,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.52516248243934,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 290.18325820515105
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 596052.739543465,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 416.10655820816544,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.613011799644788
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 207573.09532139852,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.17538104423694,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.82301230282899
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 202805.24121223745,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.296951877014075,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.645544533577542
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 3990116.3399954764,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1867.462140596152,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 88.46626480749089
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 3194706.1261685956,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.934511829992974,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 148.74438402560054
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 2001802.7800175734,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.340002461561895,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 114.5099151897862
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 872364.4249237272,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.42106037458551,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -39.7573414450622
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 1392115.5425481906,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.57958655522966,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.18622490606801
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 783338.1440473864,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.730378685843185,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.856456621368206
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 1952194.3130479695,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 149.2147647708415,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.800187193971198
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 1347107.294141868,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.995224955930567,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.0895217378472655
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 971104.9998737145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.911829733478932,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.4250683026311215
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 7741301.20823992,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 697.1641799029583,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 58.281554738725696
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "852580",
      "hs_description": "Television cameras, digital cameras and video camera recorders",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16016956.725215457,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9778132360337497,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "851762",
      "hs_description": "Communication apparatus (excluding telephone sets or base stations): machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, including switching and routing apparatus",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 40114910.45404688,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9831565928265865,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "850440",
      "hs_description": "Electrical static converters",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 45513457.904271014,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.9670653019512903,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "902610",
      "hs_description": "Instruments and apparatus: for measuring or checking the flow or level of liquids",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 11601664.574925782,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2567949291484644,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "100590",
      "hs_description": "Cereals: maize (corn), other than seed",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19551203.526283775,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "853710",
      "hs_description": "Boards, panels, consoles, desks and other bases: for electric control or the distribution of electricity, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517), for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 34542762.781415254,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 44.12878743122075,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7449438114902924,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "SRB",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "distance_km": 4737,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": null,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 0,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "importer_population": 31732.128,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 13,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 12.3,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 63068.134601000005,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9214.993546391494,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.205789876296297,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 13.205789876296297,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/SRB-GHA/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/SRB-GHA/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/SRB-GHA/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/SRB-GHA/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/SRB-GHA/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}