{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:19.208Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Poland exports to Ghana: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Poland to Ghana, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "POL",
    "country_name": "Poland"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "all_history_lane_count": 75,
    "current_lane_count": 41,
    "current_product_count": 41,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 84341706.22035716,
    "attention_trade_usd": 34900634.6567568,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 76967010.63958037,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 6364635.542627997,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 38529177.805726886,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 4,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 29,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 16,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 28,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2993839308701822,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 21.98950555629936,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 2129.505920918463,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 38.10148727023006,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 71.9768448434854,
    "top_product_hs6": "020714",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 32135444.45904422,
    "top_product_description": "Meat and edible offal: of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, frozen",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "100199",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 5551.62939453125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.017399998381733894,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 13,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 77594.279055,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 2445,
    "buyer_population_latest": 31732.128,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 3.7856910333109672,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.8008640533864417,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.9497152586874344,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 23.753999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 17.79,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 41.38004342190199,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 77594.279055,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 2445,
    "buyer_population_2024": 31732.128
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 2815247.6390917236,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 6397874.497112242,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 127.25796509952399,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 5406208.614728853,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.499927090332722,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 5149531.355916135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.747823791213279,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.297346631957858
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 4542897.855589223,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.780363268008253,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.786121885007372
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 8368497.107122684,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.21054959064828,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.678209188294211
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 13481377.09218487,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.0967527336594,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.82315367621336
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 12020672.45173816,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.834980955272567,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 38.31372056082629
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 7935348.938492378,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.985815100178144,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.7559661467800414
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 16007144.003490746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 101.71947229496267,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.891198822887689
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 12788715.839906955,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.106198600337045,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.085969620045658
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 11355380.674763428,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.207811504192088,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.688229740716617
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 16739714.18295145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.416583049076834,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.5028092452459063
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 19218272.57402239,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.806455856906009,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.541395601506292
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 16918483.165049095,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.966681189036487,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.21414908203753
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 24842035.602536842,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.833704654188814,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.063417746614814
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 36157559.35696595,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.54990555312457,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.451087399969794
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 29887193.800641127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.34178320616323,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.88560046123844
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 39331060.220773265,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.598371138910842,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.55104127669731
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 27827325.527747523,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.248473416309995,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.35879589720222
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 33805505.468648165,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.483127923808574,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.191933677965598
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 31058261.167706154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.126618025249922,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.569813779635837
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 43565299.99283557,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.269604140408276,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.115379741549663
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 47353646.48872845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.69578884230313,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.889327753366285
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 59413448.333997056,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.46752518444211,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.13737014417734
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 79115423.91567574,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.16080135750175,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.00383534929029
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 135079349.29384696,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.73706062400642,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 41.8225132904624
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 111771151.6093935,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.255189491437072,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.447316993523202
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 103485552.27072522,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.413003462310163,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.363614178565282
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 111895703.4427626,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.126884369361864,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.083589879689233
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "020714",
      "hs_description": "Meat and edible offal: of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 246508345.12018755,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 34.93512414028396,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4718112855205059,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "100199",
      "hs_description": "Cereals: wheat and meslin, other than durum wheat, other than seed",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 152820265.60261202,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0387705671560195,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "170199",
      "hs_description": "Sugars: sucrose, chemically pure, in solid form, not containing added flavouring or colouring matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 126975642.08869249,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.382275834130999,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "630900",
      "hs_description": "Clothing: worn, and other worn articles",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 103601723.78563295,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 39.52351387486369,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8621777026735152,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "020712",
      "hs_description": "Meat and edible offal: of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, not cut in pieces, frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 23096210.0515865,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 54.190333841991524,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4533570168857421,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "020727",
      "hs_description": "Meat and edible offal: of the poultry of heading no. 0105, of turkeys, cuts and offal, frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 15666375.077573137,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 2.7614976337631445,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2801901567822849,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "020629",
      "hs_description": "Offal, edible: of bovine animals, (other than tongues and livers), frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 35545025.33134627,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 18.362291734968213,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3115428445390813,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "210690",
      "hs_description": "Food preparations: n.e.s. in item no. 2106.10",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 115154626.44778599,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3801692085753905,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "160100",
      "hs_description": "Meat preparations: sausages and similar products, of meat, meat offal or blood, and food preparations based on these products",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 24672874.092689697,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 23.787936027504593,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.062494020082092,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "POL",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "220210",
      "hs_description": "Waters: including mineral and aerated, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 25662471.08021183,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 1.3613064483902637,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.178695103928074,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "POL",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "distance_km": 5458,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "importer_population": 31732.128,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 13,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 12.3,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 674048.2663969999,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 17840.920578438512,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/POL-GHA/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/POL-GHA/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/POL-GHA/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/POL-GHA/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/POL-GHA/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}