{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:19.234Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Peru exports to Poland: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Peru to Poland, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "PER",
    "country_name": "Peru"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "POL",
    "country_name": "Poland"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "PER",
    "importer_iso3": "POL",
    "all_history_lane_count": 73,
    "current_lane_count": 46,
    "current_product_count": 46,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 60984617.41058042,
    "attention_trade_usd": 19744732.57522879,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 32180002.92422679,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 10689571.378066394,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 19529792.459844857,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 8,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 23,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 11,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 19,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.009606950099468,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 20.650862434063356,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 699.0292340250011,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 14.091846797205065,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 37.06998622683693,
    "top_product_hs6": "081040",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 8593858.85536064,
    "top_product_description": "Fruit, edible: cranberries, bilberries and other fruits of the genus vaccinium, fresh",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "081190",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 11625.44140625,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.008700000122189522,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.29433647858586,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.09669518989899,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 8.178961531515151,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.917733658383837,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 37,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 674048.2663969999,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 17841,
    "buyer_population_latest": 37781.025,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 8.774876361756622,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 9.599090635201723,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.7520265621440814,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 22.94,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.524,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 32.376578576031555,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 674048.2663969999,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 17841,
    "buyer_population_2024": 37781.025
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 22221368.06576872,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 21636861.711538613,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.6303796980462146,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 15900956.831654854,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.509874474193673,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 14443201.572983671,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.167720371199017,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.377464201588818
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 15202695.4982988,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.258487333831718,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.09856404419407
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 12106772.836694917,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.364300935648682,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.686488297497375
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 12272936.839361178,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.372487985919979,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.282910972990951
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 6673328.963211427,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.625655451847145,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.001098954181277
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 2587232.140438095,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.23026221693958,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -40.213609466404435
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 7309085.063784143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 182.5059626287148,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.866006096014573
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 23015947.470054287,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 214.89505552611817,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 51.08758329838332
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 25038487.334262744,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.787558569291809,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 113.10365416037924
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 25928759.80491097,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5556160352785193,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 52.51278186527599
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 28927627.281054392,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.565796045422228,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.91818976879568
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 18491436.276048727,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.0768994415268,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.609903011071552
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 21556459.020847604,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.575363314362377,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.97026198420314
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 40174189.45364482,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 86.36729443732713,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.569315870364317
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 25019886.489583995,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.721490265651006,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.604185847805624
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 31296780.381288055,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.08761937955708,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.233277974310687
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 25554793.218207654,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.346894131363946,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.998026743900782
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 21110332.98316267,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.39188494735433,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.50621406286842
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 20396089.55825484,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.383383035584997,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.300668404661419
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 70063535.97690278,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 243.5145534970756,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 39.960846392303374
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 83263851.92250986,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.8404935057213,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 57.99880594108635
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 43153476.56055188,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.17261564993055,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.377710561358537
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 54173041.42787471,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.535752262880717,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.216688580593711
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 160799857.99600074,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 196.82634343151585,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.530688026879275
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 107272708.18852341,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.28805788423557,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.46418396741164
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 86673041.77801698,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.203082273549132,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.95898925565167
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "export_value_usd": 73286668.92155693,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.444678739606966,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -23.043299268417083
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "081040",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: cranberries, bilberries and other fruits of the genus vaccinium, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 194684281.7015607,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1590464473515554,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "080610",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: grapes, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 244580264.92179117,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 29.539050950965883,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7758547553491717,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "080440",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: avocados, fresh or dried",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 109511496.86808217,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.281202768779713,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "081190",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: fruit and nuts n.e.s. in heading no. 0811, uncooked or cooked, frozen whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 111002141.29813454,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 63.294812084691245,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.252298092063056,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "270111",
      "hs_description": "Coal: anthracite, whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12095871.94557451,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6935851370730399,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 46136511.63571352,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2000980321004375,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "090111",
      "hs_description": "Coffee: not roasted or decaffeinated",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 521655414.50919855,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 78.55703129738808,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.700762461486841,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "800110",
      "hs_description": "Tin: unwrought, not alloyed",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 25156998.53946329,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5894626260593296,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "842230",
      "hs_description": "Machinery: for filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labelling bottles, cans, bags or other containers, machinery for aerating beverages",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 203271110.08955935,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9314434951969464,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "PER",
      "importer_iso3": "POL",
      "hs_code": "320300",
      "hs_description": "Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin, including dyeing extracts not animal black, whether or not chemically defined: preparations based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 32511222.30056673,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 18.087236294664102,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7413200917854332,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "PER",
    "importer_iso3": "POL",
    "distance_km": 11604,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 674048.2663969999,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 17840.920578438512,
    "importer_population": 37781.025,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 37,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 11.6,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 223249.4975,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6692.248173881455,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.29433647858586,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.09669518989899,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 8.178961531515151,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.917733658383837
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/PER-POL/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/PER-POL/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/PER-POL/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/PER-POL/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/PER-POL/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}