{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:53.774Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Netherlands exports to Taiwan: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Netherlands to Taiwan, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "NLD",
    "country_name": "Netherlands"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "TWN",
    "country_name": "Taiwan"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "importer_iso3": "TWN",
    "all_history_lane_count": 843,
    "current_lane_count": 718,
    "current_product_count": 718,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1997,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 5464003207.225157,
    "attention_trade_usd": 5061048771.1613,
    "critical_trade_usd": 2803264640.923572,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 4798968669.2855625,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 3062168295.150466,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 36619.14912643844,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 761163518.3798978,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 5464003207.225157,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 7,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 164,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 413,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 412,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 1,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 364,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 718,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2775590617521544,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 46.17870086195622,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 2719.2868301798117,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 49.37077221161055,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 70.02253784216185,
    "top_product_hs6": "848620",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 2697620577.074227,
    "top_product_description": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuits",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "848620",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 9457.2490234375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 610872,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 25889,
    "buyer_population_latest": 23596.027,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": null,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": null,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": null,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": null,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Macro trend unavailable",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 92.62528917386025,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 51.304227589338915,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "declining_buyer_demand",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Critical attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 610872,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 25889,
    "buyer_population_2024": 23596.027
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1570015822.8413808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1703601242.47145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.508539703014527,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1551192639.5219984,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.946260377713111,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1453062234.213968,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.326126285531453,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.5474078685248647
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1724742898.8739166,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.697111401213572,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.41196648707118033
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2100911911.185354,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.81014993927719,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.640476117259556
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1570259651.3259642,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.25818702984034,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.6193088538031484
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1415209315.8952584,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.87418452099802,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.3806896121374805
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1279646788.8693485,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.578973619188858,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.232881061121152
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2291480321.0087094,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.07131412671944,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.426592865963771
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2078403556.9184844,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.298651275190906,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.667523862107366
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2371773091.6270537,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.115138214232537,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.836568428499348
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2758373342.2480927,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.30005214182728,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.376485622582839
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2248141265.2656546,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.497571346400687,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.651328290733246
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 1887872310.0234394,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.02519204680154,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.32416812908504
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 3355972347.9147043,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 77.76479532522183,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.755053429061331
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2934779823.586127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.55053619825841,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.290893317137993
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 3592290292.072784,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.404081669173337,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.917583585966096
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 4638665924.334412,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.128370682366533,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.393087291208047
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 3347708859.8517237,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.830352207740063,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.4858272856400205
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 2985716435.847903,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.813139348678435,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.978816977168078
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 3662034265.2811303,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.651777017838693,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.577771534643629
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 3670535117.89496,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.2321347097820503,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.1162792492352542
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 4508372025.884722,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.826015310548463,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.72473481518508
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 8192864280.416748,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 81.72555932335648,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.788969813936685
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 6801825229.314323,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.97866586692275,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.828371834600603
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 10632682216.205063,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.32101469441784,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.10908433815784
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 11799245118.637384,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.971482817895062,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.929174690749058
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 9097485830.678255,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.89772998860403,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.178952655815433
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "export_value_usd": 5596310561.943478,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.48508625238222,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.2604500321531
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "848620",
      "hs_description": "Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor devices or of electronic integrated circuits",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10604578489.38944,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 66.18343151136953,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1607433517265335,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "848690",
      "hs_description": "Machines and apparatus of heading 8486: parts and accessories",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 5194060979.618301,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 36.84263517741495,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3843270298781116,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "900290",
      "hs_description": "Optical elements: n.e.s. in heading no. 9002 (eg prisms and mirrors), mounted, being parts or fittings for instruments or apparatus, of any material (excluding elements of glass not optically worked)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 551773163.1579665,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.5499853340335448,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "903190",
      "hs_description": "Instruments, appliances and machines: parts and accessories for those measuring or checking devices of heading no. 9031",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 873419271.1825539,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 15.91425346237289,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.328573635608045,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "732690",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7326",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 474191307.63171095,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.025292556063685,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "hs_description": "Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2905517800.8397555,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 21.955156821396304,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8015786888656155,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "851762",
      "hs_description": "Communication apparatus (excluding telephone sets or base stations): machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, including switching and routing apparatus",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2885708331.6475205,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 47.358152139485185,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3845201896023385,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "901210",
      "hs_description": "Microscopes (excluding optical microscopes): diffraction apparatus",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 167972006.87215564,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.171885134569854,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "853710",
      "hs_description": "Boards, panels, consoles, desks and other bases: for electric control or the distribution of electricity, (other than switching apparatus of heading no. 8517), for a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 981802598.6834158,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2392184497239709,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "TWN",
      "hs_code": "220300",
      "hs_description": "Beer: made from malt",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 202889944.4121166,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 72.6321543617699,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.582881578975791,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "importer_iso3": "TWN",
    "distance_km": 9468,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 610872,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 25888.765087444594,
    "importer_population": 23596.027,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-TWN/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-TWN/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-TWN/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-TWN/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-TWN/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}