{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:53.867Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Netherlands exports to Iraq: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Netherlands to Iraq, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "NLD",
    "country_name": "Netherlands"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "IRQ",
    "country_name": "Iraq"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
    "all_history_lane_count": 365,
    "current_lane_count": 313,
    "current_product_count": 313,
    "first_observed_last_year": 2004,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 579746065.3639904,
    "attention_trade_usd": 324525902.1764148,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 446476401.67844987,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 112400178.75624047,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 337830169.53399044,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 50,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 210,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 184,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 212,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.305364053594785,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 23.81989336928393,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 347.03897693019263,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 9.963039867935192,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 25.68428671327189,
    "top_product_hs6": "040711",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 57760331.62499999,
    "top_product_description": "Birds' eggs, in shell: fresh, fertilised eggs for incubation, of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (domestic hens)",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "040711",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 3788.19873046875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 26.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 207889.333724,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 5048,
    "buyer_population_latest": 41179.352,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 3.660252055014901,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.3781431650274456,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 2.2510857061887046,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 19.198,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 27.338,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 55.97724962094619,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 207889.333724,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 5048,
    "buyer_population_2024": 41179.352
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 8491941.999999998,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 13298850.5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 56.605526745236865,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 12588609.000000002,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.3406232365721955,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 19004896.000000004,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.968991093456005,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.803538502523242
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 27483072.999999993,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.610488791940696,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 27.374862787461375
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 31909613,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.106423033552364,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.34773592730247
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 30859531.999999996,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.2907982932917523,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.537002994912896
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 29940503,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.9781041397516916,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8958676421889207
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 37467596.56288584,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.140170700825703,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.498131071271128
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 96690146.26541752,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 158.0633804549811,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 46.32918730072444
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 72791860.00000001,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.716361685725396,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.46458263123624
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 62584587.90578321,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.022546056958562,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.650758956928893
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 69219216.99999999,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.601059008656799,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.542898662376132
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 113856182.15327987,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.48637688762051,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.08014271545475
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 211283441.13733912,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.57046015551175,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 50.014309803548905
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 274789510.4577722,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.057286542939575,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 58.340187919047096
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 337067586.9794722,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.663920619804912,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 43.58865419590896
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 403718204.8154253,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.77366570106076,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.090239841659834
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 433648541.60898226,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.413670336526135,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.424910638221668
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 495099196.6382119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.1706126351139,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.673284789532625
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 306564270.71958035,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.08023264808513,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.767886756346721
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 381296539.7816994,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.377357767982687,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.197908311924891
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 446636089.4784313,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.13615070678065,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.375513945629993
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 668822879.280908,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.746716630521284,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.696979272156042
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 576584697.4826971,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.791122381665788,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.780139783776125
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 452246325.78411674,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.564632610165944,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.416962024373535
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 589930994.1666198,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.444618459593165,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.097477391500782
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 556693021.0338018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.63421374050238,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.163455129922597
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 679565736.461999,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.071897937577447,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.53867166598477
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "export_value_usd": 638082152.9465476,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.104425413121339,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.6498835942324606
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "040711",
      "hs_description": "Birds' eggs, in shell: fresh, fertilised eggs for incubation, of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus (domestic hens)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 224934339.987,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4532195761994344,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "hs_description": "Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 941672742.1029301,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3958824866988988,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "841199",
      "hs_description": "Turbines: parts of gas turbines (excluding turbo-jets and turbo-propellers)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 332627567.9584596,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 44.37602077865016,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1577572462249943,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "230990",
      "hs_description": "Dog or cat food: (not put up for retail sale), used in animal feeding",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 243204109.85000026,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.720316276117106,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8027147175183269,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "190110",
      "hs_description": "Food preparations: of flour, meal, starch, malt extract or milk products, for infant use, put up for retail sale",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 198900437.04135644,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 22.989073939616002,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.475382921124363,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "300212",
      "hs_description": "Blood, human or animal, antisera, other blood fractions and immunological products: antisera and other blood fractions",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 109321800.77894928,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.848095562742762,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "851762",
      "hs_description": "Communication apparatus (excluding telephone sets or base stations): machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, including switching and routing apparatus",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 618192357.327198,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 10.851631464162669,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0623617087801236,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "841112",
      "hs_description": "Turbo-jets: of a thrust exceeding 25kN",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 31521276.39256062,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.0713132713911246,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 675326530.259128,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0453026044703686,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
      "hs_code": "120991",
      "hs_description": "Seed: vegetable seed, of a kind used for sowing",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 29471908.152830955,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0332262876477194,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "NLD",
    "importer_iso3": "IRQ",
    "distance_km": 3789,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 0,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 207889.333724,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 5048.387690121982,
    "importer_population": 41179.352,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 26.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 34.2,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-IRQ/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-IRQ/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-IRQ/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-IRQ/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/NLD-IRQ/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}