{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:09.104Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia exports to Ireland: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to Ireland, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "MKD",
    "country_name": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "IRL",
    "country_name": "Ireland"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "importer_iso3": "IRL",
    "all_history_lane_count": 23,
    "current_lane_count": 9,
    "current_product_count": 9,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1997,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 1361627.9172452814,
    "attention_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 790410.3725047316,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 418025.18145397934,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 840669.5749119667,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 0,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 5,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 3,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 7,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.981591683264719,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 28.84153772576672,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 1484.5431782276341,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 21.68046088801299,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 55.240936926999936,
    "top_product_hs6": "940490",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 295207.20803862915,
    "top_product_description": "Bedding and similar furnishing articles: n.e.c. in heading no. 9404 (e.g. quilts, eiderdowns, cushions, pouffes and pillows)",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "",
    "distance_km": 2407.446533203125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.0648395458404765,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.790684918650794,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.9588743323212618,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.8318105863295324,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 11,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 498559.576715,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 99152,
    "buyer_population_latest": 5028.23,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 8.388160023916559,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 6.648529039884776,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.6311814140269831,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 28.335999999999995,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 45.94800000000001,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Stable",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 498559.576715,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 99152,
    "buyer_population_2024": 5028.23
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 76909.40438133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 94846.15233358566,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.321917646536704,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 592093.4133955566,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 524.2671935842909,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 1287285.8201903254,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 117.41262291839334,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 155.7988056981463
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 857996.6735252623,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.348393956642255,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 108.36365272508229
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 298840.6851149269,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.16994828347337,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.381040477980417
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 95517.41438420795,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -68.03734593652324,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -57.97872836171175
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 270856.2501692099,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 183.5674017302451,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -31.9098298888422
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 194386.2960756307,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.232671037056267,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.355305708868293
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 80942.7968158745,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.35982348036419,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.369336988182294
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 206826.30187244018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 155.52156585708366,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.598013422709494
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 298770.42072290543,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.45475165299415,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.404829761578087
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 397876.90179140377,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.171450115008085,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 70.02919826402353
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 697921.17517321,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.41133250783967,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 49.9915763811742
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 762481.6050417661,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.25038989575484,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.65659350805288
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 366157.3782831475,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -51.97820172158898,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.7313203292579247
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 513938.864328225,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.36010054966006,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.69710050332051
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 582446.0885809439,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.329839210012917,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.58682623003999
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 916131.2795840078,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.29031365221211,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.75733603596469
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 952326.1983188876,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.950844113882357,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.82631537311093
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 890646.0869021703,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.4767840605035705,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.208134310071308
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 907772.3694268564,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.922905492601945,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.3050677205353347
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 2250926.176210196,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 147.96152119406008,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.20642512898733
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 1043820.4636696889,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.627068061950744,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.432267665130408
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 1571357.786427419,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.53908608987248,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.06950146390838
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 1373350.7752490612,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.60101377857039,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.184855085860082
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 1705293.4082063984,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.170273096990712,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.776262635398375
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 3976220.2462268583,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 133.16927322254685,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.26943339650002
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 4143038.3060141527,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.195392846902601,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 44.49267255625608
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "export_value_usd": 2124693.671591214,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.71653326238987,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.60498807021579
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "940490",
      "hs_description": "Bedding and similar furnishing articles: n.e.c. in heading no. 9404 (e.g. quilts, eiderdowns, cushions, pouffes and pillows)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 52938530.68358644,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7961417240804214,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "940161",
      "hs_description": "Seats: with wooden frames, upholstered, (excluding medical, surgical, dental, veterinary or barber furniture)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 119199119.80319989,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 67.47385988373408,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6810931313196814,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "610910",
      "hs_description": "T-shirts, singlets and other vests: of cotton, knitted or crocheted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 159056515.01500708,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.206928534737244,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1908997827033285,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "847910",
      "hs_description": "Machinery and mechanical appliances: for public works, building or the like",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21985431.64469373,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "853400",
      "hs_description": "Circuits: printed",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 94251315.05060026,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 81.86961370320925,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2915783672713468,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "851671",
      "hs_description": "Electro-thermic appliances: coffee or tea makers, of a kind used for domestic purposes",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 23959560.09618356,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0652212031072303,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "851610",
      "hs_description": "Heaters: electric, instantaneous or storage water and immersion heaters",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 52710842.13727562,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 14.508218230930034,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.0782148841989789,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "851631",
      "hs_description": "Hair-dressing apparatus: electro-thermic hair dryers",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10896667.236400312,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9866216637279931,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "IRL",
      "hs_code": "870590",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: break-down lorries, road-sweepers, spraying lorries, mobile workshops, mobile radiological units, and other special purpose vehicles n.e.s. in heading no. 8705",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27394040.24721374,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 87.8459794848285,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1065561328712181,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "importer_iso3": "IRL",
    "distance_km": 2408,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 498559.576715,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 99152.10257187916,
    "importer_population": 5028.23,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 11,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.1,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 13879.269152,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6720.896285492366,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.0648395458404765,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.790684918650794,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.9588743323212618,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.8318105863295324
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-IRL/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-IRL/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-IRL/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-IRL/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-IRL/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}