{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:53.771Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia exports to Greece: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to Greece, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "MKD",
    "country_name": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "GRC",
    "country_name": "Greece"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "all_history_lane_count": 229,
    "current_lane_count": 142,
    "current_product_count": 142,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 316287952.6500511,
    "attention_trade_usd": 202076791.0503975,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 166599395.32591707,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 167829614.40297318,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 121928408.63894026,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 13,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 85,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 74,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 46,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1258328615000983,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 38.004772190596775,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 1478.2145711939281,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 33.49311768590226,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 54.14967476047284,
    "top_product_hs6": "271600",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 105934696.20741244,
    "top_product_description": "Electrical energy",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "271600",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 485.28228759765625,
    "shares_land_border": 1,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.0648395458404765,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.790684918650794,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.9588743323212618,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.8318105863295324,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 216240.589485,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 20277,
    "buyer_population_latest": 10664.568,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.329374957214838,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 4.9563802531924495,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.5973960748884899,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 20.778,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 14.094,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 63.89013219039054,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains materially below historical peaks",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 216240.589485,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 20277,
    "buyer_population_2024": 10664.568
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 16170025.310649615,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 69757873.23360841,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 331.4023750331777,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 78683038.3664899,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.794491459039303,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 70693733.68989462,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.153782622606277,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 63.51467667280657
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 74119623.63526987,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.846101297186078,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.0422418277676213
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 77247010.85010575,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.219378163905985,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.612098630033242
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 88817971.80097696,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.979169839107609,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.904604524172454
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 79277852.23722069,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.741204026966233,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.2679515075617163
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 139479517.72854495,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.93755858973658,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 21.77073236911651
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 191425547.4301075,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.242765495260684,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.171394669940256
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 275825261.42332035,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.09009932387866,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 51.52840581936873
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 315552479.51755935,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.403038318259043,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.27651934160307
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 416515424.90056646,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.99561148667471,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.581717103479434
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 526592890.07410216,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.42818455038349,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.054822269559285
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 290684536.7148653,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.79900086118516,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.6991178904404944
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 256646676.94504485,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.70955295885191,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.905494535462482
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 222968392.49061343,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.122431529336676,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.908732121420286
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 205945119.27904263,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.634836947702106,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.852358456089773
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 209032032.65354,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4989009622096372,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.611715123021778
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 255675582.7484194,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.31406808935774,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.668335362625298
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 224488447.79562768,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.197932480505713,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.9155101125043936
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 206833948.6188262,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.864324133451173,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.35175375005526144
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 250500073.0700888,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.111681492739276,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.6793543410231306
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 258992094.27293798,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3900274354303983,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.8811651677233
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 234607268.8410135,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.415277906601515,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.289330687017134
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 227981446.9835183,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.8242184865914455,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.091051136133216
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 288657409.88581234,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.614430123640954,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.6808942428684377
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 517138751.4335442,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.15311844518904,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.143317422083072
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 433405327.56521565,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.191674601103422,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.87915850261415
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "export_value_usd": 355654379.8753284,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.93954590421777,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.205026950124549
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "271600",
      "hs_description": "Electrical energy",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 586953918.2847958,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 58.10842103040833,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.340673735031016,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "240110",
      "hs_description": "Tobacco, (not stemmed or stripped)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 91210921.92556264,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7325018596013091,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "391721",
      "hs_description": "Plastics: tubes, pipes and hoses thereof, rigid, of polymers of ethylene",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 36681314.635872096,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.5171558098303892,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "720449",
      "hs_description": "Ferrous waste and scrap: n.e.s. in heading no. 7204",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 233512472.99811178,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 72.75586069105879,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9510155042941728,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "720852",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness of 4.75mm or more but not exceeding 10mm",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19043650.51512493,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 16.801777044904,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.927048867407579,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "720851",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: (not in coils), flat-rolled, of a width 600mm or more, hot-rolled, without patterns in relief, of a thickness exceeding 10mm",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 187107944.03264853,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 53.81676826103963,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6403941335794318,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "730661",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel (excluding cast iron): tubes, pipes and hollow profiles (not seamless), welded, of square or rectangular cross-section, n.e.c. in chapter 73",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 46477286.79531347,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 41.177277670768746,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9038928091875671,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "721491",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, n.e.c. in heading no. 7214, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 13716917.679261798,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 29.885738683829672,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9195800829159014,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "251512",
      "hs_description": "Marble and travertine: merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape, having a specific gravity of 2.5 or more",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12828471.199916597,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 53.37455424841039,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7701545188971477,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
      "importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "hs_code": "610910",
      "hs_description": "T-shirts, singlets and other vests: of cotton, knitted or crocheted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 248037907.61338407,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 36.69067179102709,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5173590071620561,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "MKD",
    "importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "distance_km": 491,
    "shares_land_border": 1,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 216240.589485,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 20276.544674383436,
    "importer_population": 10664.568,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 4,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1.5,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 13879.269152,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6720.896285492366,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.0648395458404765,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.790684918650794,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.9588743323212618,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.8318105863295324
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-GRC/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-GRC/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-GRC/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-GRC/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MKD-GRC/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}