{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:53.736Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Madagascar exports to the Netherlands: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Madagascar to the Netherlands, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "MDG",
    "country_name": "Madagascar"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "NLD",
    "country_name": "Netherlands"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "all_history_lane_count": 42,
    "current_lane_count": 22,
    "current_product_count": 22,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 82318073.3359185,
    "attention_trade_usd": 22916590.81171892,
    "critical_trade_usd": 13201643.514351627,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 15782262.979701098,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 26976084.015440546,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 22182293.756316204,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 1,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 2,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 11,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 12,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 7,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.951869383415526,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 48.72146605066535,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3359.1850012373147,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 53.93171946822669,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 80.29158988195326,
    "top_product_hs6": "750210",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 44395552.383176684,
    "top_product_description": "Nickel: unwrought, not alloyed",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "090510",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 8931.1123046875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.057999998331069946,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296005,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1018007.05695,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 58061,
    "buyer_population_latest": 17533.405,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 5.515439704237579,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 4.743525072332222,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7369568967363849,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 22.17,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 30.663999999999998,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 27.839075774043344,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 16.037357264763934,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains materially below historical peaks",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1018007.05695,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 58061,
    "buyer_population_2024": 17533.405
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 13558796.664417133,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 18022669.95860105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.92234115361159,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10825504.07297619,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.93396040740412,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 11683043.852623636,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.921476670893601,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.84207725932011
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8665173.472853353,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.831199624339042,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.65955323724408
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 11453708.274139637,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.18094605979132,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.8980789702578882
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 21216065.01764017,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.23315340187365,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.00274726966791
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 8146321.988051837,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.60304947558113,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.0371442814186236
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10514207.999474898,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.066933702056286,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.8125585769067984
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 9551850.001693983,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.152929044479407,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -23.35669593731533
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 10668505.790350093,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.690466123924438,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.407562337037811
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 13259941.908078115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.290525483634617,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.040939579407102
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 20496239.17586765,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.57261666720499,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.98193723007161
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 27762445.30191981,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.45141166486494,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.547079282477156
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 17442411.817282785,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -37.17263869376586,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.569153105645523
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 14071545.84294363,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.32568735132798,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.782270384253145
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 14021690.662910806,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.35429781908307145,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.363122753936846
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 19621386.03060358,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.93594996717975,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.001846181023239
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 87452820.49819511,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 345.70154402851296,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 83.85580088123103
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 128357747.63941678,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.77370827858649,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 109.18983079543172
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 110180950.70160063,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.16104385757726,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 77.74290656209375
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 77683129.36976829,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.494954549670837,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.871765998848642
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 110387888.83363515,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.100208538450644,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.903081010370558
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 54638890.6520232,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.50282125209486,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.847412001870335
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 72089647.78214526,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.938344504942616,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.460154400969816
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 80244143.81374976,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.311604762236271,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.085312335834306
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 116379373.93948515,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.03161029371423,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.66429592519961
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 115822376.6841232,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.47860478752151936,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.122371189205808
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 148228102.99722844,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.97881311094472,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.698447506995613
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 89368478.4936307,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.708815881357054,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.426576826877197
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "750210",
      "hs_description": "Nickel: unwrought, not alloyed",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 877958849.8543121,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 42.836168274911614,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8712738611633737,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "090510",
      "hs_description": "Spices: vanilla, neither crushed nor ground",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16577344.833123524,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 69.92158999382934,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5485765136889342,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "810520",
      "hs_description": "Cobalt: mattes and other intermediate products of cobalt metallurgy, unwrought cobalt, powders",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 160379276.24423528,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 84.01789689424699,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6147926685684991,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 3719029294.3704853,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 7.781652831800125,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7743614000216463,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "160414",
      "hs_description": "Fish preparations: tunas, skipjack and Atlantic bonito (sarda spp.), prepared or preserved, whole or in pieces (but not minced)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 292413180.208836,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 57.22802726008728,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.982435427751831,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "611011",
      "hs_description": "Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: knitted or crocheted, of wool or fine animal hair",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 201594206.3476511,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7382087616618989,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "611020",
      "hs_description": "Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: of cotton, knitted or crocheted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 772005994.8867464,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 19.870645079696363,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5072159521384776,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "611012",
      "hs_description": "Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: knitted or crocheted, of fibres from kashmir (cashmere) goats",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 53089992.2920922,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 82.08796590799248,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2170975911768396,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "620630",
      "hs_description": "Blouses, shirts and shirt-blouses: women's or girls', of cotton (not knitted or crocheted)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 159899012.2846825,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 48.43123007774746,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.365006042885753,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "081090",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: fruits n.e.c. in heading no. 0801 to 0810, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 137018128.4382732,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 97.70807879863106,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5948861597675177,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "MDG",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "distance_km": 8908,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 1,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
    "importer_population": 17533.405,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 14637.400396000001,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 514.9058436503402,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.895905268279596,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5839943643390869,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 5.3364187625296005
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDG-NLD/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDG-NLD/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDG-NLD/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDG-NLD/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDG-NLD/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}