{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:57.143Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Republic of Moldova exports to the United States: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Republic of Moldova to the United States, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "MDA",
    "country_name": "Republic of Moldova"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "USA",
    "country_name": "United States"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "all_history_lane_count": 69,
    "current_lane_count": 43,
    "current_product_count": 43,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1997,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 78415737.86908858,
    "attention_trade_usd": 63881857.85932504,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 62088330.99436388,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 3638805.505459319,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 33201937.365103327,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 78415737.86908858,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 10,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 19,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 8,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 17,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 43,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.9021446064795753,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 16.273295194204316,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 1615.2004430465224,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 30.866320126828413,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 64.00380554366416,
    "top_product_hs6": "220421",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 24204052.680487495,
    "top_product_description": "Wine: still, in containers holding 2 litres or less",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "220421",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 7650.4345703125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.5701405956360155,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 3.9979416618007657,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.3144214484291186,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.683520213371647,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 22996100,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 69288,
    "buyer_population_latest": 331893.738,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 6.1023377268677015,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 5.47830267128826,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.5916240968762754,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 22.094,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 17.618,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 81.46560830170702,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 22996100,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 69288,
    "buyer_population_2024": 331893.738
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 24124696.687038783,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 27909922.897256967,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.69025409654925,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 53141307.420217775,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 90.40291732744483,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 107781730.65551047,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 102.82099912074156,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 64.70031520861082
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 88844963.66108814,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.569551796257198,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.10408254888749
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 92215353.33804122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7935630091649353,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.16841507443763
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 60583919.695849515,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.30169976819133,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.471477169617177
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 34940957.04989143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.326351240880236,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.734307181347695
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 39775857.08396162,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.837342884359316,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.44345267157083
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 46038235.01384313,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.744168420211402,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.745610116759694
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 48861410.977992915,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.13224195780071,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.826243419956285
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 32654250.228136707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.16965356803937,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.36460290192834
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 18333983.176904783,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.854220970269864,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.427973096734892
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 10007715.671540778,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.41439481548427,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -41.05373149024907
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 8641899.38690017,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.647632781221175,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -35.79682633820044
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 11404544.049915912,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.968026232792045,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.6362078864118
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 16571695.86890338,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.307833407207255,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.30706091896568
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 25191089.206644323,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.01274151980515,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 42.849671726594686
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 30639278.148452785,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.627444915607153,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 39.01666557895223
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 30708146.686922956,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.22477206589688326,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.82748254942446
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 33334598.242080912,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.552947144402001,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.78662298519184
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 28982875.769745346,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.05467202794135,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.8355324350250113
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 32247673.909150902,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.264576246135016,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.6439644647359142
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 41970155.70200388,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.149404946984525,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.9812751401274085
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 47916190.81538835,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.167293434893246,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.24431511493525
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 44005848.77330678,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.160794870250331,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.918503835331105
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 54853856.305973664,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.65128576101254,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.334073241362084
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 78168650.49166307,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.503473330370745,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.71996099694302
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 90719883.48131132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.056606978250045,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 27.27136263642873
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 106193983.6971216,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.05701068167489,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.632387946873123
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "220421",
      "hs_description": "Wine: still, in containers holding 2 litres or less",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 4808938878.698115,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.299416909063344,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "200979",
      "hs_description": "Juice: apple, of a Brix value exceeding 20, unfermented, not containing added spirit, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 645024833.6457642,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 46.28561250839428,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.4625264364307506,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "220510",
      "hs_description": "Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes, flavoured with plants or aromatic substances, in containers holding 2 litres or less",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 165600227.08247966,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.5957640153158494,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "290619",
      "hs_description": "Alcohols: cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic and derivatives, n.e.c. in item no. 2906.1",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 116789051.98481211,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.4849434368308427,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "392350",
      "hs_description": "Plastics: stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, for the conveyance or packing of goods",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1569417577.6089854,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 40.656560630400264,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0037940051585217,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "200971",
      "hs_description": "Juice: apple, of a Brix value not exceeding 20, unfermented, (not containing added spirit), whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 123758272.68761012,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.5297560868166595,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "220860",
      "hs_description": "Vodka",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1094743535.1238046,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 81.93848803573366,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9920777407227044,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "620293",
      "hs_description": "Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles: women's or girls', of man-made fibres, other than those of heading no. 6204 (not knitted or crocheted)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1024281694.4425838,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 4.67462376122009,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9787115300124232,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "620193",
      "hs_description": "Anoraks (including ski-jackets), wind-cheaters, wind-jackets and similar articles: men's or boys', of man-made fibres, other than those of heading no. 6203 (not knitted or crocheted)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1320880962.1037674,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 14.857207713763662,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0033562004587016,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "851190",
      "hs_description": "Ignition or starting equipment: parts of the equipment of heading no. 8511, for use in spark-ignition or compression-ignition internal combustion engines",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 367217028.8126962,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5955719643275641,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "MDA",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "distance_km": 7667,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
    "importer_population": 331893.738,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 13679.221333000001,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 5314.531460475973,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.5701405956360155,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 3.9979416618007657,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.3144214484291186,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.683520213371647
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDA-USA/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDA-USA/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDA-USA/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDA-USA/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/MDA-USA/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}