{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:17.458Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Luxembourg exports to Japan: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Luxembourg to Japan, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "LUX",
    "country_name": "Luxembourg"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "JPN",
    "country_name": "Japan"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "all_history_lane_count": 74,
    "current_lane_count": 40,
    "current_product_count": 40,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 48074857.81409955,
    "attention_trade_usd": 30181178.667766605,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 22974480.234719697,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 18792552.8942168,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 710812.4576337433,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 19568111.168479912,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 48074857.81409955,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 6,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 23,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 16,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 1,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 16,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8190729337911653,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 40.0678802876696,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 1504.274325910742,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 26.49516424063787,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 60.12062226641939,
    "top_product_hs6": "560314",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 12737512.536298804,
    "top_product_description": "Nonwovens: whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 150g/m2)",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "560314",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 9500.390625,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": null,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.764000799919192,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 2.9229724473737373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.0137934402670454,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 1.909179007106692,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 39285,
    "buyer_population_latest": 125681.595,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": -4.67885267787802,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -4.27363742210356,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.4233058113377264,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.977999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 24.869999999999997,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer economy and income contracted",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 62.77954847931962,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "declining_buyer_demand",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "buyer_macro_weakness"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 39285,
    "buyer_population_2024": 125681.595
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 35641488.81637329,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 48632227.02960707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.44836016857407,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 49110169.147701025,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.9827683149344235,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 45274259.23160627,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.810826113341385,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.300843392002877
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 49030155.3810902,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.295875433919676,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.27200613413973507
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 47000424.83148672,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.1397595700590095,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.4529901752265206
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 42979399.77523873,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.555295129064888,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.7189779217204437
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 32025182.807096973,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.487133430031506,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.235357308956353
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 45844451.41140956,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.15125595863938,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.8266465096270825
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 48095729.06615992,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.910687303349581,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.8202464422240956
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 39391691.99607508,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.09731807602224,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.1447771791968595
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 52383430.08491407,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.98090899505781,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.5447874981795255
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 58789424.979019985,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.229048162217948,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.921300697573174
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 72846694.45191027,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.911221240736523,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.744414339663855
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 69803486.13699572,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.177551689628867,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.042654982035227
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 77161219.80082011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.540639258881956,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.488025566607394
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 70491494.79795444,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.643882276722103,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.089524400329045
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 71320179.97448762,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.175581790268998,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.7190851996140335
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 37889264.67541751,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.87441241879772,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.106898299036637
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 87817394.37722126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 131.77381543167562,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.600579178623645
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 88437827.05394918,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.706503171869155,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.434032619226083
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 80405492.88708203,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.082464409677593,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.505933422443075
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 99455967.91083726,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.693001982475124,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.235767160762283
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 83041709.37762438,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.504045838584915,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.0766928625737813
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 71524339.92067921,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.86937906657365,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.826361541483303
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 64074043.77046254,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.41644866415975,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.632484139070833
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "560314",
      "hs_description": "Nonwovens: whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 150g/m2)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 29461963.990794867,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 27.520114205690444,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0233352898998125,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "560312",
      "hs_description": "Nonwovens: whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 25g/m2 but not more than 70g/m2)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 73458485.10852627,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 67.54940557849459,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.3428072761066117,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "560313",
      "hs_description": "Nonwovens: whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, (weighing more than 70g/m2 but not more than 150g/m2)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 41482213.44301458,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 30.409876191478673,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5977380493077123,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "820900",
      "hs_description": "Tools: plates, sticks, tips and the like for tools, unmounted, of sintered metal carbides or cermets",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 154681206.1136126,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 29.492505184836077,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.46214549363233876,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "240220",
      "hs_description": "Cigarettes: containing tobacco",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 683699881.6051499,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 23.889571549599573,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.25386447736843576,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "871639",
      "hs_description": "Trailers and semi-trailers: (other than tanker type)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 54741680.906788684,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6122013420248186,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "390110",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 122976476.17075239,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0456747066456193,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "903149",
      "hs_description": "Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 551235239.6812073,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 41.58628204762534,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5081552303698901,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "848180",
      "hs_description": "Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valves",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1181716664.5167751,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 81.01958616640647,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1942198007769236,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "847790",
      "hs_description": "Machinery: parts of those for working rubber or plastics",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 267378465.60882422,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 77.6612426657468,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2738529770511442,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "distance_km": 9510,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
    "importer_population": 125681.595,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 86710.803337,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 135682.79427449263,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.764000799919192,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 2.9229724473737373,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.0137934402670454,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 1.909179007106692
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-JPN/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-JPN/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-JPN/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-JPN/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-JPN/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}