{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:19.940Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Luxembourg exports to Australia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Luxembourg to Australia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "LUX",
    "country_name": "Luxembourg"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "AUS",
    "country_name": "Australia"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
    "importer_iso3": "AUS",
    "all_history_lane_count": 85,
    "current_lane_count": 41,
    "current_product_count": 41,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 25529156.86515062,
    "attention_trade_usd": 15491640.35854508,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 5163522.748872869,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 12766346.63439107,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 18498331.98369997,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 25529156.86515062,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 4,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 24,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 20,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 15,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 41,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8757280598972175,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 35.28143516388269,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 1365.8063728078803,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 25.836489365626527,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 55.53228501885854,
    "top_product_hs6": "340119",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 6595837.898598754,
    "top_product_description": "Soap and organic surface-active products: in the form of bars, cakes, moulded shapes, and paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent, not for toilet use",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "340119",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": 16686.873046875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": null,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.3710752464646463,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 3.3710752464646463,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 2,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1542659.899993,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 59934,
    "buyer_population_latest": 25739.256,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.672430715538289,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.1982410002894257,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.4285027544653106,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.404000000000003,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 25.023999999999997,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 60.68214645855552,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1542659.899993,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 59934,
    "buyer_population_2024": 25739.256
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 9362945.530093413,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4846475.955830563,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.237699981768344,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 8195919.983627808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.11091808405013,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 7072480.769328824,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.707298467324836,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.927674529183971
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 9077031.319790298,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.342962191634278,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.26485159097329
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 12208822.186788544,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.5023692952356,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.206814871249907
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 15123891.169739388,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.876742066939993,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.834029246115666
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 23077601.44268474,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.59036965869947,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.484168497315
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 31795527.641109392,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.776569718808915,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.5827827614909
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 42251012.63021918,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.88350835729354,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 40.83951673470296
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 33065356.60886608,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.740676612288446,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.73553947550412
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 30384506.5150706,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.107730775468614,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.501704096449874
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 36475014.11054443,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.04478036348216,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.781913685857109
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 40260963.264089845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.379568715371512,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.783376743160896
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 54797807.868613265,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.10654943640987,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 21.722351216920433
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 24233942.448514845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.77570820602953,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.741140056192501
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 23008401.97403802,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.057123813347719,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.014777083199583
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 21036194.84958746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.571682321423014,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -27.322273516429064
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 14318218.266395578,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.935322101865903,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.088470855273897
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 24861802.715141695,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 73.63754520694512,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.6160720252320857
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 29326945.40890689,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.959850880184835,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.712014104874013
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 21190238.70312183,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.74481485314818,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.959085859591003
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 30273636.639415972,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.86595381748077,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.785100165152502
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 31739128.26156629,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.840817902406425,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.669801225251267
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 26116996.048985522,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.71356845798676,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.216705454052663
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 30916266.657818407,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.37604370667776,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.7026309012218679
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "340119",
      "hs_description": "Soap and organic surface-active products: in the form of bars, cakes, moulded shapes, and paper, wadding, felt and nonwovens, impregnated, coated or covered with soap or detergent, not for toilet use",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 106108896.9308717,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6360334035953357,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "730110",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: sheet piling, whether or not drilled, punched or made from assembled elements",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 15616444.372531807,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 50.49853133660417,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9811367641947575,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "401180",
      "hs_description": "Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on construction, mining or industrial handling vehicles and machines",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1000781513.3880379,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 54.75776353856479,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5815621869669447,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "730210",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel, railway or tramway track construction material: rails",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 75258313.89692041,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 53.44943198827242,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6925515586910255,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "901580",
      "hs_description": "Surveying equipment: articles n.e.c. in heading no. 9015, including hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances (excluding compasses)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 223151791.33429915,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 43.35264961217407,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7714780907241882,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "847790",
      "hs_description": "Machinery: parts of those for working rubber or plastics",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 41918156.72557771,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 44.57789024351037,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4463191150225938,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "391810",
      "hs_description": "Floor, wall or ceiling coverings: of polymers of vinyl chloride, whether or not self-adhesive, in rolls or in the form of tiles",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 278750612.2502483,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 84.39133226181148,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8281543199822614,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "903149",
      "hs_description": "Optical instruments and appliances: for measuring or checking, n.e.s. in chapter 90",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 77006289.2051178,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 28.812329671978283,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9503715377381796,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "901590",
      "hs_description": "Surveying equipment: parts and accessories for articles of heading no. 9015",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 51861801.81277714,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0898111980352103,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "721491",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, n.e.c. in heading no. 7214, of rectangular (other than square) cross-section",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21874470.66082048,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 70.04995361654758,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.021056391295046,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "LUX",
    "importer_iso3": "AUS",
    "distance_km": 16504,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1542659.8999929999,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 59934.12940890754,
    "importer_population": 25739.256,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 2,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.7,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 86710.803337,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 135682.79427449263,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 3.3710752464646463,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 3.3710752464646463,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-AUS/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-AUS/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-AUS/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-AUS/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/LUX-AUS/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}