{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:03.636Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Kuwait exports to Spain: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Kuwait to Spain, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "KWT",
    "country_name": "Kuwait"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "ESP",
    "country_name": "Spain"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "all_history_lane_count": 52,
    "current_lane_count": 10,
    "current_product_count": 10,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1997,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 389634985.65097106,
    "attention_trade_usd": 376269013.9302852,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 376525959.4896219,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 387047224.98042846,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 39174.62620023469,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 3,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 6,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 4,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 1,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2040630758644526,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 51.70070001624417,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 5012.156327474272,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 61.891647903651425,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 97.87405875904243,
    "top_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 241151513.42854178,
    "top_product_description": "",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 4809.39794921875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979804,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 96.56961715120241,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains materially below historical peaks",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 30116,
    "buyer_population_2024": 47326.687
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3931537.7609473527,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 5984254.76728472,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.211555150947866,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 10515204.927175328,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.71452647137997,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 19434906.72442022,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.82670436781461,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 70.34916264402924
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 49602690.5465843,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 155.2247420063913,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 102.37881713939329
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 59180175.60789494,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.308398306168417,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 77.87687985559444
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 27755161.954980746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.100575201270495,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.612630119656254
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 44472753.616283484,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.23236934599374,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.5735313750469455
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 33443186.84435142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.80072825509424,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.32444191193654
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 131658338.13874064,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 293.6776083914917,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 68.0227935492151
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 106723658.57666089,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.938929288172968,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.88201130158856
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 90562838.57725994,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.142678029344758,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 39.38438517588483
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 96364764.72193961,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.406519755594897,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.879560955316347
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 534641338.1524011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 454.80998650814735,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 71.10680294452614
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 484906809.83748245,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.302409814921875,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 74.94549046856194
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 257093795.54358533,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.98078263125427,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 38.69403297238394
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 492214403.1603963,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 91.45324068194043,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.7184247789987293
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 490741514.3880856,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.2992372354107431,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.3994896439598383
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 42535205.05423805,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -91.33246244567755,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -45.10253232940248
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 138181414.55622467,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 224.86363796771397,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -34.52154268694141
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 112031889.16913652,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.924053912075244,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -38.88286978178631
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 56790349.65351859,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.30876371478375,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.11386431080441
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 82761350.54178707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.73136289302524,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.706779852803498
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 77669624.43419257,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.152299442024745,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.49458382762677
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 61994723.16998047,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.181507736648108,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.965893892042293
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 58132571.30319162,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.229807424414801,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.107731791927023
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 52531691.41260439,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.634667390464669,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.221115044734454
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 171741809.08945417,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 226.9299054936705,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 40.44526528213386
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 802335575.1407602,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 367.17545331250835,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 139.87160369767273
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 391782554.54477054,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -51.16973911121454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 95.37750969901015
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 8083826798.971087,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 51.25963706594432,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2192547769891946,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "271012",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1290334443.3254404,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 51.94775043217884,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2102199326922796,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "390110",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 527196626.82958126,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 79.40808374149594,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8929175505675945,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "390120",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 690563921.3199947,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 54.59498427099887,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7681132738259907,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "270799",
      "hs_description": "Oils and other products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: n.e.s. in heading no. 2707",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 932390211.0522717,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4141264267965645,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "720221",
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 43811351.18970878,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 11.171855522348196,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7273531311566745,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "420211",
      "hs_description": "Cases and containers: trunks, suit-cases, vanity-cases, executive-cases, brief-cases, school satchels and similar containers, with outer surface of leather or of composition leather",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16702876.62330483,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.1094719309408063,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "391710",
      "hs_description": "Plastics: artificial guts (sausage casings) of hardened protein or of cellulosic materials",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 18773532.06809704,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "420291",
      "hs_description": "Cases and containers: with outer surface of leather, of composition leather or of patent leather, n.e.s. in heading no. 4202",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 34003678.49873669,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0503966437045407,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "621410",
      "hs_description": "Shawls, scarves, mufflers, mantillas, veils and the like: of silk or silk waste (not knitted or crocheted)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12689624.593420608,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7297191227686015,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "KWT",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "distance_km": 4809,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
    "importer_population": 47326.687,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 105960.22568799999,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 24479.36427900964,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979804,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.282513386844695
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KWT-ESP/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KWT-ESP/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KWT-ESP/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KWT-ESP/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KWT-ESP/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}