{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:07.979Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "South Korea exports to The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from South Korea to The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "KOR",
    "country_name": "South Korea"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "MKD",
    "country_name": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "all_history_lane_count": 43,
    "current_lane_count": 38,
    "current_product_count": 38,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 9055374.22027296,
    "attention_trade_usd": 3645749.744279987,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 8536016.860783026,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 5629608.179496061,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 2325031.1834475747,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 9055374.22027296,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 3,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 31,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 26,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 10,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 38,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.5307208230546403,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 55.98803071431362,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 792.5447384476888,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 14.428218386942346,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 40.26061933606198,
    "top_product_hs6": "330499",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 1306529.1682558602,
    "top_product_description": "Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments, including sunscreen or sun tan preparations)",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "330499",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 8409.1943359375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 10.514200170634922,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.514200170634922,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 15,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 13879.269152,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 6721,
    "buyer_population_latest": 2065.092,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 6.102292619107685,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 6.699259143923331,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.5594851638195619,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.060000000000002,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 15.984,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 40.26061933606198,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 13879.269152,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 6721,
    "buyer_population_2024": 2065.092
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 16697678.109459855,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 21787596.79346131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.48279318019569,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 8437993.103548255,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.271574907790715,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 11605874.423864296,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.54306600444976,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.418996859425313
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 12136344.291816808,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.570701427388757,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.72027094026285
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 9807712.927051954,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.187255311593166,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.141990140233199
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 4903353.852702231,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.00512464860548,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.9636346292338
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 5544790.38326224,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.081587620002466,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -22.980786140524156
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 7619538.152663263,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.417965801988686,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.070767526143452
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 11641087.274632704,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.77943415197397,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.40336053143454
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 15934161.844800962,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.87863915876115,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 42.17220435710798
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 19948189.401993226,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.191331657660875,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.82403012828786
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 28555537.4977608,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.14851800488482,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.86489896007039
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 27860608.770992804,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.4336040840502005,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.472278961073975
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 18956264.273002926,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.96033715982788,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.6857605584993607
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 19274719.49860844,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6799471721812287,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.279874885673847
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 21926498.468732722,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.75780835781153,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.673530860843281
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 11172979.957057415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.04348282973622,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.15598087850557
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 15643969.522645779,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.016088660073734,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.720480946544416
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 18247019.536542594,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.63931913270933,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.939441880607809
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 23216020.573122066,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.231850257124158,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 27.606536173045736
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 18310265.896664415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.130902520551697,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.385913228403183
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 20632513.514062487,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.682762940220972,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.180571076785755
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 19210213.691406675,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.893487900475215,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.118186114522272
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 16394146.968459262,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.65921602010668,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.6175286960708264
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 15560154.246200696,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.087137036547773,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.97641846179722
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 20965192.817114968,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.73640739926478,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.9569230895116982
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 29044929.827671725,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.53881565048547,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 21.00235862223332
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 33516228.798069347,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.394421666454573,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.14583846242882
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 19290480.15957456,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.444359489854776,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.736910856613073
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "330499",
      "hs_description": "Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments, including sunscreen or sun tan preparations)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 24720743.060390472,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.0229704263505166,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870321",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not exceeding 1000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 23510397.820363734,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 74.45268036016425,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1395015801990722,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "590390",
      "hs_description": "Textile fabrics: impregnated, coated, covered or laminated with plastics, (excluding polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and those of heading no. 5902)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 51253629.45791945,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 61.2613577960145,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.236768767246447,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870332",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 119586194.2063277,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 92.79350343042343,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3723007030896752,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870322",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: with only spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine, cylinder capacity over 1000 but not over 1500cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 55715941.20561308,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 91.62302162525941,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0539438835835364,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870895",
      "hs_description": "Vehicle parts: safety airbags with inflater system: parts thereof",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 14544646.548292853,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.990042235679518,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.113791692606281,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "382200",
      "hs_description": "Reagents: diagnostic or laboratory reagents on a backing and prepared diagnostic or laboratory reagents whether or not on a backing, other than those of heading no. 3002 or 3006: certified reference material",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16773450.650690474,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 38.11703262681468,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1924196569006769,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27658624.62079518,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 90.202155393352,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0662861442247558,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "870331",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity not exceeding 1500cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 28081913.41661014,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6645100924784416,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "392690",
      "hs_description": "Plastics: other articles n.e.s. in chapter 39",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 74630425.49195842,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 32.70824928900435,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5165580398095824,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "distance_km": 8417,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 13879.269152,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6720.896285492366,
    "importer_population": 2065.092,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 15,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.1,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1798533.9150910003,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 34757.71939879189,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 10.514200170634922,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.514200170634922,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-MKD/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-MKD/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-MKD/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-MKD/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-MKD/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}