{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:03.665Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "South Korea exports to Ghana: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from South Korea to Ghana, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "KOR",
    "country_name": "South Korea"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "all_history_lane_count": 96,
    "current_lane_count": 65,
    "current_product_count": 65,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1998,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 115272335.43209106,
    "attention_trade_usd": 73113255.20201182,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 37889399.22517877,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 55512148.92461678,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 52127540.67623294,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 115272335.43209106,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 17,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 35,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 47,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 50,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 65,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9605174468019895,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 44.32122167549852,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 715.1550070735792,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 15.45244499276742,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 37.677181386455764,
    "top_product_hs6": "030354",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 17812394.224522218,
    "top_product_description": "Fish: frozen, mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber australasicus, Scomber japonicus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "030354",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 12774.5673828125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 13,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 77594.279055,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 2445,
    "buyer_population_latest": 31732.128,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 3.7856910333109672,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.8008640533864417,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.9497152586874344,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 23.753999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 17.79,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 63.42654109327395,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 77594.279055,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 2445,
    "buyer_population_2024": 31732.128
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 27802776.163291488,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 49247245.93535809,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 77.13067805214405,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 61418755.99507383,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.715108080748436,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 66817830.37094424,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.790595459640116,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.94753797424668
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 85974182.45829529,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.66952126551119,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.409855568355685
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 56731709.04400654,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.01308692696649,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.6113639010022283
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 77849600.27052289,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.2241407536926,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.2255826325783294
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 47887509.90269261,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.4871473504215,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.72180922906178
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 64421374.96595113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.52646649795599,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.328118291867655
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 83444239.65094827,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.5288088698066,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.340293523584047
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 105858761.81266333,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.861677037835328,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.26713200373463
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 102365307.73753498,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.3001085742063174,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.6919602776715
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 162603197.17920437,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.84600044003145,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.904352681117214
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 206700145.61729994,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.119361244475716,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.98886496808459
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 158252202.8032303,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.43875601508757,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.628703434966562
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 328447751.4154485,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.54703289902272,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.409312918832462
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 329510249.35577595,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3234907030870593,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.817896487799167
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 297351723.74032277,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.759491754300864,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.397652789754787
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 372763951.8293587,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.36128835590454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.309181622876523
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 238766411.0508806,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.94702226995881,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.18102363895591
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 270017932.8790983,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.08874296458644,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.163136161861446
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 239493293.02759656,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.30467133276265,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.711454307814952
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 269723340.9418268,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.622502923598322,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.147400134357082
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 248693842.7185109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.796692028908058,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.7049359634454095
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 210471334.05752537,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.369302369197957,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.214478940502298
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 158005830.86608344,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.927624194704922,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.327092330247428
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 318620436.1739242,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 101.65106213325026,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.609929459396803
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 229185955.73974106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.069285670478415,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8801721776338773
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 195094716.21554616,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.874925217018198,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.281325606447009
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "export_value_usd": 138760514.71736413,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.875308665941734,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.20089260466942
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "030354",
      "hs_description": "Fish: frozen, mackerel (Scomber scombrus, Scomber australasicus, Scomber japonicus), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 88018995.45427272,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3656635481319341,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "870899",
      "hs_description": "Vehicle parts and accessories: n.e.c. in heading no. 8708",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 113268114.84667131,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6561326371165239,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "390120",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 91625144.65248007,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 45.852539326513345,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.709623622437309,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "283711",
      "hs_description": "Cyanides and cyanide oxides: of sodium",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19230811.761891007,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 70.28714044285451,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8824587351424542,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "390690",
      "hs_description": "Acrylic polymers: (other than polymethyl methacrylate), in primary forms",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21738649.739683256,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 62.21462128802803,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0553701437532799,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 88331169.32829288,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 87.56963494496527,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9442860836176777,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "870421",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 76998760.54730925,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 86.05758362121897,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7253534089678012,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "390230",
      "hs_description": "Propylene, other olefin polymers: propylene copolymers in primary forms",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 13048328.3921604,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 56.727665484002024,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7463699025750083,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "390210",
      "hs_description": "Propylene, other olefin polymers: polypropylene in primary forms",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 36880536.1907102,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 48.656049991059604,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7138748096604162,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
      "importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "hs_code": "390110",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of less than 0.94",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 47086952.58673994,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 51.27602787182145,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.692205617151884,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "KOR",
    "importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "distance_km": 12784,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "importer_population": 31732.128,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 13,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 12.3,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1798533.9150910003,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 34757.71939879189,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.30557138868687,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-GHA/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-GHA/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-GHA/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-GHA/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/KOR-GHA/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}