{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:15.630Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Iran exports to the Netherlands: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Iran to the Netherlands, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "IRN",
    "country_name": "Iran"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "NLD",
    "country_name": "Netherlands"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "all_history_lane_count": 117,
    "current_lane_count": 30,
    "current_product_count": 30,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 44749619.992625214,
    "attention_trade_usd": 9368574.688619945,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 35650196.191234306,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 13218877.997462733,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 8375646.760979077,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 4,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 17,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 13,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 10,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4198148725943844,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 23.083454463883598,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 4093.849068450241,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 62.58277157034121,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 77.32315967698169,
    "top_product_hs6": "151800",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 28005552.45858038,
    "top_product_description": "Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions: oxidised, boiled or otherwise chemically modified, (excluding those of heading no. 1516), inedible mixtures or preparations of fats or oils",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "080620",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 4071.167236328125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868689,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.2825133868446965,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1018007.05695,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 58061,
    "buyer_population_latest": 17533.405,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 5.515439704237579,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 4.743525072332222,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7369568967363849,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 22.17,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 30.663999999999998,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 20.935540212774757,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1018007.05695,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 58061,
    "buyer_population_2024": 17533.405
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 755130555.9436007,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 762696883.5717858,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.0019893339808572,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 622579660.5943134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.371285630706847,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 370928149.20606476,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -40.42077300566205,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.097775139262076
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 498103349.07570606,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.28566964837996,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.239410008832063
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 663559737.3682188,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.217280831284924,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.147646784874069
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 223904258.7933158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.2571060020376,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.486869839880768
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 288853135.4952741,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.00743248564652,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.608994944958077
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 505099570.02676857,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 74.86380030485506,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.694068656845765
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 684323361.7013472,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.482863639159376,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.121916148816
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 1063415432.3176507,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 55.396628528626344,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 54.40995300302398
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 1145757138.4155784,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.743136275394158,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.392887743310794
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 326941551.9291765,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.46502160298203,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -21.824694969942016
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 745585676.5138029,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 128.04861361743178,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.16211732272122
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 1041657281.678415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.709937367490575,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.1252129599516953
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 1290751640.1309738,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.91327386020812,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 58.04867353276586
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 701997919.6750929,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.61324596853811,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.987961265792848
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 187848729.94381765,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.24084236164687,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -43.50268574617835
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 50535826.636426516,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.09759472340275,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -66.04381459982966
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 43023424.79024675,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.865497106096182,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -60.57336450209431
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 42333834.69661012,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6028247332670498,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -39.14544156334562
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 322399352.6150472,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 661.5642545154628,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 85.46626626554705
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 710175440.1220168,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 120.27818429585491,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 154.61670298180584
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 251435466.07494313,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.59530253091496,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 81.09771711841813
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 16997521.20498404,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -93.23980762526249,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -62.50294640454668
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 95995479.23721571,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 464.76163835623146,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -48.67900781183242
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 26182627.687262263,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -72.72514508463256,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -52.953329064146445
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 45081141.36481769,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.17959138130918,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 38.421357411898136
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 23321383.542861328,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.267983381046676,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -37.60240607521656
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "export_value_usd": 48383893.536254376,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 107.4657939883017,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.714494078010738
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "151800",
      "hs_description": "Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their fractions: oxidised, boiled or otherwise chemically modified, (excluding those of heading no. 1516), inedible mixtures or preparations of fats or oils",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1772799288.1679487,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5910900047351852,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "080620",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: grapes, dried",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 143563691.74523944,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 66.2785300329908,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9229940842471306,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "720221",
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-silicon, containing by weight more than 55% of silicon",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 147036189.4310164,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 63.74863654530428,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5122137997222245,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "261310",
      "hs_description": "Molybdenum ores and concentrates: roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 378747192.5305062,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 76.16494606588185,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8758425024534411,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "080410",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: dates, fresh or dried",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 100847350.15536737,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 4.061407247184261,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6206090259950248,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "720270",
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-molybdenum",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 459652737.2789725,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 97.47729778954667,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.309442954330364,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "080252",
      "hs_description": "Nuts, edible: pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 42135095.38156375,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 82.79796380701003,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.610391566133927,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "720241",
      "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-chromium, containing by weight more than 4% of carbon",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 217775226.2079085,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 91.00644973198628,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.436682829257611,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "282570",
      "hs_description": "Molybdenum oxides and hydroxides",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 155981635.70298073,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 95.80100014878823,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5062841814238128,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "hs_code": "691490",
      "hs_description": "Ceramic articles n.e.c. in chapter 69: other than of porcelain or china",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 72834016.46085447,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 40.544278724756275,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.690229934483068,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
    "importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "distance_km": 4074,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 0,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1018007.05695,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 58061.00166795897,
    "importer_population": 17533.405,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 3.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 231547.57124,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2723.167585538084,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868689,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.2825133868446965
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-NLD/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-NLD/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-NLD/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-NLD/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-NLD/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}