{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:12.932Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Iran exports to Spain: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Iran to Spain, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "IRN",
    "country_name": "Iran"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "ESP",
    "country_name": "Spain"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "all_history_lane_count": 215,
    "current_lane_count": 34,
    "current_product_count": 34,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 85922734.682063,
    "attention_trade_usd": 63421326.48619987,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 16190434.996033408,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 17373390.526475396,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 71726229.20602345,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 7,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 19,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 17,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 19,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7688942822659428,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 39.287926260940125,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3159.706588513888,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 53.66210292396535,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 73.85278272067015,
    "top_product_hs6": "091020",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 46107946.32017432,
    "top_product_description": "Spices: saffron",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "091020",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": 4784.6962890625,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0027000000700354576,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868689,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.2825133868446965,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 73.81204371680636,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 30116,
    "buyer_population_2024": 47326.687
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 823777740.8045619,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1066398149.4187412,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.452168539686262,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 765027527.3457198,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.260610001741725,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 462386947.79350805,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.55943658684152,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.510531653925266
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 545117288.6713798,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.892014744935516,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.042932462194685
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1012344835.8815742,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 85.71137935268445,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.78688674051722
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 856468546.6984957,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.39754870654697,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.81043905705282
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 908073071.9004886,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.025267991558758,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.54328201615507
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1192741469.429096,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.348622301158024,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.618326631743775
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1217905767.5569544,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1097864686387746,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.452061881796261
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1934107884.3264658,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.80603703898781,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.66288915495914
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2163024532.982412,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.83577454551683,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 21.947165086711106
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1501574361.6821659,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.5798737468885,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.228702869980741
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 4335820869.947159,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 188.7516582988189,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.87706447853622
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1921248320.553707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.68893692379129,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.874041077891055
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 4083239270.255354,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 112.53053166383813,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 39.57875761576446
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 6006950670.043196,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.11238486074656,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.47930298745925
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1127576606.1074495,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -81.22880196551804,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.275187163821837
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 114368593.25794694,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -89.85713319711704,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -69.63075583507057
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 190927984.74512118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 66.94092259620801,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -68.32340385301269
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 206280445.42154366,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.040969319881096,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -43.23194675182673
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1139534002.085764,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 452.4197893586439,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 115.18244427150002
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1812061872.545662,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.01779755838141,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 111.72288895905945
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2475110773.1458917,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 36.590853250984765,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 128.9349999161114
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 110604796.9377352,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -95.5313193196135,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -54.04329412006747
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 72992893.01993904,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.00567150714967,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -65.72039164359957
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 138015440.1268356,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 89.08065486476164,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -61.79580866759081
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 258991547.35327974,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 87.65403864615986,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.791581287104556
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 86426913.27100311,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.62944634516906,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.792807349373907
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 90245872.0103229,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.41871472066222,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.203964188185058
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "091020",
      "hs_description": "Spices: saffron",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 50050726.05949855,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 41.56134246760946,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5727567701179993,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "080252",
      "hs_description": "Nuts, edible: pistachios, fresh or dried, shelled",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27433479.71248647,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6940547118548144,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "390120",
      "hs_description": "Ethylene polymers: in primary forms, polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.94 or more",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 690563921.3199947,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 59.68501003210663,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1348640463980104,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "080251",
      "hs_description": "Nuts, edible: pistachios, fresh or dried, in shell",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 123416719.87294057,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 95.03567452366467,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5391990442708392,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "732599",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast iron",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 112264129.6971158,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 26.045765073459293,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.324129364004279,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "840390",
      "hs_description": "Boilers: parts of central heating boilers (excluding those of heading no. 8402)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 53611635.520609826,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9180951375087975,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "080620",
      "hs_description": "Fruit, edible: grapes, dried",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 35812217.47965634,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 84.39258006095108,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.255249126816324,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "700529",
      "hs_description": "Glass: float glass and surface ground or polished glass, in sheets, non-wired, (other than coloured throughout the mass (body tinted), opacified, flashed or merely surface ground)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 60556332.74244096,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 90.37696487970696,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.8291622175057984,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "730300",
      "hs_description": "Cast iron: tubes, pipes and hollow profiles",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 34460159.39472249,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.781887517666558,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9807239736513427,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "761510",
      "hs_description": "Aluminium: table, kitchen or other household articles and parts thereof: pot scourers and scouring or polishing pads, gloves and the like",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 166180310.46752667,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 52.53253547211718,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9208960942408924,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "IRN",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "distance_km": 4788,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 0,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
    "importer_population": 47326.687,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 231547.57124,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2723.167585538084,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9237216556979801,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868689,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.6378997400239916,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.2825133868446965
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-ESP/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-ESP/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-ESP/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-ESP/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/IRN-ESP/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}