{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.439Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Hungary exports to Spain: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Hungary to Spain, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "HUN",
    "country_name": "Hungary"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "ESP",
    "country_name": "Spain"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "all_history_lane_count": 1073,
    "current_lane_count": 964,
    "current_product_count": 964,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 4423876566.952848,
    "attention_trade_usd": 1264675217.2552724,
    "critical_trade_usd": 32433015.62619628,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 2356606427.965683,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 850143234.4187124,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 2138087.2653786056,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 1045231419.1743308,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 2,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 91,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 690,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 381,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 2,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 230,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1402405193739744,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 21.03228950730955,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 309.20409811346525,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 13.0159011822994,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 23.9423981477212,
    "top_product_hs6": "840734",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 575807402.3814819,
    "top_product_description": "Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1000cc",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "840733",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 1977.7049560546875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.07738777250051498,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.049472441448081,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.610480215555556,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.928277458937778,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.682202756617778,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116,
    "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 28.587488780826824,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0.7331356364794788,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "declining_buyer_demand",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Watch",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1425276.586283,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 30116,
    "buyer_population_2024": 47326.687
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 358324816.40973455,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 262249838.30012187,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.812259076065104,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 340126253.8077011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.69550563400407,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 373741409.49063396,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.883140541670166,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.4140462532026943
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 426603450.9951069,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.14401512974377,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.60786834686079
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 557540375.9289683,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.692889292956814,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.908574621755903
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 659973899.4011054,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.372395595828085,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.869997680359997
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 840526184.449293,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.357488714634037,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.364804475028603
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1199192252.6041174,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.671611520326394,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.083529044130895
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1567202656.7945955,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.68819060424395,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.41340432838362
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 1860009169.965419,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.68338545122823,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.31306090902728
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2265659720.891803,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.809061884029603,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.623762307608764
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2598669056.164278,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.698117824215773,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.36099442379202
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2664173456.01521,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5206903393700575,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.723847539919863
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2469782706.8623557,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.296474961641708,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.9172138401923453
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2673855996.9443564,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.262803424567577,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.9552742833644823
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2599859913.24338,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.767392252445089,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.8112348393940483
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2187709314.223648,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.852800257440236,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.9618858472703855
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2441167409.8951516,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.585547221635718,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.9892527798807023
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2711364307.890169,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.068347746237638,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.4096558791071079
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3049693154.5593824,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.478177339897268,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.709174635113717
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2985549695.437013,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.103275833717,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.940509046446697
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 2918318637.290819,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.2518820654349514,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.4821617917238026
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3268206891.9159784,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.989378067021939,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.3334931141630877
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3389923156.3650694,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.7242521197222933,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.325029540051295
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3166613524.899942,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.587454085672462,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.7592165653636203
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3502047109.0173516,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.592817262978404,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.3302764639750784
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 3762039316.0370846,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.424006557487028,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.5327680458595356
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 4314373130.530432,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.681766140476515,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.859831306904756
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "export_value_usd": 4488464092.047868,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.035139202158722,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.623866380762756
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "840734",
      "hs_description": "Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2229396672.3699727,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 12.098392726808381,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5896024609446165,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "840733",
      "hs_description": "Engines: reciprocating piston engines, of a kind used for the propulsion of vehicles of chapter 87, of a cylinder capacity exceeding 250cc but not exceeding 1000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 685954718.9643273,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4558117165756554,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "870332",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 3671971002.8195114,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0700726902347573,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "850760",
      "hs_description": "Electric accumulators: lithium-ion, including separators, whether or not rectangular (including square)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1851905711.2363234,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 23.7666217136585,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.2346182405527917,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "852872",
      "hs_description": "Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus: incorporating a colour video display or screen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1095507264.9639325,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 56.37742870648425,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6044292188001658,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "870894",
      "hs_description": "Vehicle parts: steering wheels, steering columns and steering boxes: parts thereof",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 827041846.9098374,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.486470387384097,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "870340",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: with both spark-ignition internal combustion piston engine and electric motor for propulsion, incapable of being charged by plugging to external source of electric power",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 4539373601.673467,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.763248105850368,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "401110",
      "hs_description": "Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on motor cars (including station wagons and racing cars)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1503179482.932166,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8854046482054428,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "870829",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: parts and accessories, of bodies, other than safety seat belts",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2187704760.4490514,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 12.266550709743434,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.031387329676285,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
      "importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": "847150",
      "hs_description": "Digital processing units: other than those of subheadings 8471.41 or 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units or output units",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 682597666.0352054,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 37.50265932802265,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8680951024467846,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "HUN",
    "importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "distance_km": 1978,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
    "importer_population": 47326.687,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 182280.517581,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 18772.673292044827,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 4.049472441448081,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.610480215555556,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.928277458937778,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 3.682202756617778
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/HUN-ESP/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/HUN-ESP/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/HUN-ESP/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/HUN-ESP/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/HUN-ESP/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}