{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.149Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Greece exports to The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Greece to The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GRC",
    "country_name": "Greece"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "MKD",
    "country_name": "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
    "importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "all_history_lane_count": 126,
    "current_lane_count": 111,
    "current_product_count": 111,
    "first_observed_last_year": 2001,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 1079823546.8665085,
    "attention_trade_usd": 996359277.5240278,
    "critical_trade_usd": 78763331.49184321,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 875216983.8709987,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 108787690.0268978,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 997808745.7715782,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 1,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 18,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 47,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 60,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 46,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1353145737386654,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 28.569953575520923,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3788.435860651118,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 60.059682715122,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 76.48110054303588,
    "top_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 648538596.1312016,
    "top_product_description": "",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 485.28228759765625,
    "shares_land_border": 1,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 1,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 6.96766058034127,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.51420017063492,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.7134064584404762,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 9.800793712194444,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 15,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 13879.269152,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 6721,
    "buyer_population_latest": 2065.092,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 6.102292619107685,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 6.699259143923331,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.5594851638195619,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.060000000000002,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 15.984,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 92.27056405792578,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 7.294092791401242,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 13879.269152,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 6721,
    "buyer_population_2024": 2065.092
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 33383325.32801415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 143817168.72444755,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 330.80540153308533,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 192722184.96830365,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.004991669358816,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 167708927.77620894,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.978919472197015,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 71.26772511506283
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 250305104.78831825,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.249719801634996,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.287266946768966
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 288064943.7902707,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.085524937210426,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.336852593696147
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 267890354.58298552,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.003486415887361,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.89617433996542
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 280386383.54039884,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.664605777563513,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.8553971288379785
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 347914418.4412335,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.08392092660414,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.494539318420833
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 334052313.3982241,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9843433638410253,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.6347406922289585
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 356411738.2789281,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.693390221803153,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.325747181008758
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 398429893.2644862,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.789217489990378,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.6228378495748235
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 480809030.36806697,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.675942868798703,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.906612440028331
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 591799314.2456064,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.08406807429857,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.41520910464358
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 507675479.87037003,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.214925963960079,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.41218336500078
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 507760710.97110695,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.016788500551312424,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 1.834630641700996
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 671238800.602171,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.19589190317767,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.287966283211886
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 923621642.5723886,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.599560952645184,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.07759672053178
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 835579697.9425845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.532252230967387,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.06185301830565
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 797359828.519669,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.574054338206491,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 5.907268323461956
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 571387967.4750327,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.340010740716938,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.792269793726721
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 557482569.7414712,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.4336175287361317,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.619510897886554
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 662548610.4738158,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.846515825789556,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.987024440440569
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 833205788.5806854,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.75768410182395,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.398435440482825
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 813683826.9074396,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.34299400469844,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.433534229840438
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 561106629.3959271,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.041196735036536,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.388800021195072
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 930721044.93739,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 65.87240217414293,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.758197498659932
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 1608296574.7880375,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.80113988356504,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.49800375107989
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 1284153347.1973794,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.154443693531967,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.782324190153744
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "export_value_usd": 1229589989.434246,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.248975239773034,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 9.727022588069456
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 779494589.2363048,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.592676261524932,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0703944141997992,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "271012",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 118757128.8466707,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9913672036900952,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "271600",
      "hs_description": "Electrical energy",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 348828547.6487979,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 58.58651849048214,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.6278755469772352,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "720711",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel: containing by weight less than 0.25% of carbon, of rectangular (including square) cross-section, width less than twice thickness",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 49585133.84922571,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 32.79094169077004,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3878072568211843,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "270210",
      "hs_description": "Lignite: whether or not pulverised, but not agglomerated, excluding jet",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 35223488.9351149,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.2036552755925896,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "271320",
      "hs_description": "Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 36217262.12338342,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2119416705081636,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "721420",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 80894529.70170955,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 46.83593768988068,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7613653225598667,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "721391",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, n.e.s. in heading no. 7213, of circular cross-section measuring less than 14mm in diameter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 14957066.990993181,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.81169739420045,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8110810095775374,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "730890",
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: structures and parts thereof, n.e.s. in heading no. 7308",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 59008504.70998661,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 1.2600726320706248,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7446052544173919,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": []
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
      "importer_iso3": "MKD",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16603049.845942643,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 26.96240791394456,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.46803911112093993,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GRC",
    "importer_iso3": "MKD",
    "distance_km": 491,
    "shares_land_border": 1,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 1,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": 2,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 13879.269152,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6720.896285492366,
    "importer_population": 2065.092,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 15,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.1,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 216240.589485,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 20276.544674383436,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 6.96766058034127,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.51420017063492,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.7134064584404762,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 9.800793712194444
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GRC-MKD/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GRC-MKD/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GRC-MKD/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GRC-MKD/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GRC-MKD/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}