{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.131Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Ghana exports to the United States: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to the United States, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "USA",
    "country_name": "United States"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "all_history_lane_count": 122,
    "current_lane_count": 70,
    "current_product_count": 70,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 1025327197.8024806,
    "attention_trade_usd": 944339135.3897408,
    "critical_trade_usd": 618774688.9421378,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 801635376.4975709,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 631591973.7592049,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 937645.9352153782,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 888376645.1990125,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 1025327197.8024806,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 2,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 20,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 52,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 30,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 1,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 32,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 70,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1456122950061038,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 44.8886334159711,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3759.2906238971846,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 59.242299568536524,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 77.41451207447886,
    "top_product_hs6": "270900",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 607427410.0798266,
    "top_product_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "270900",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 8246.1630859375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0575999990105629,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.024651849709091,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5806451383189897,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.09383032537798,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 22996100,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 69288,
    "buyer_population_latest": 331893.738,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 6.1023377268677015,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 5.47830267128826,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.5916240968762754,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 22.094,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 17.618,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 92.10124703740266,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 60.34899788753471,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "declining_buyer_demand",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Critical attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 22996100,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 69288,
    "buyer_population_2024": 331893.738
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 179032306.628685,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 188505911.5149715,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.291561654252086,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 151105947.90770078,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.840207294666378,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 139424374.94156355,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.730716843305618,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.996905912771535
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 201657860.42239997,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.636015407578576,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.2735647639192225
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 172402046.78680268,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.5076485361478,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.492940973261339
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 149062735.43621078,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.537722889945714,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.2531730226144076
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 100364830.25317468,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.66940261127548,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.751910741587576
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 76966214.63079078,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.31356069985857,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -23.571986790768086
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 143303453.40733248,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 86.19007585960073,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.3048397409206047
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 129468421.43388517,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.654360480847568,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.85810406762908
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 177751159.82135612,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.2930617773286,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.18152919826369
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 165135016.7051826,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.097643204608628,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.840119212309535
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 204891369.6820074,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.075059166767907,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.534165611621088
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 123325936.5574594,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.809111165169156,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -11.471998609121602
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 219815650.54991153,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.23959556755212,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.003493701835552
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 626932298.932485,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 185.20821759692367,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.177392896143644
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 311071817.8295545,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.38191231186604,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.12422335957215
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 344044081.4598523,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.5995663189149,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.105241714691942
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 265217449.15105015,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.911782692009687,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.93102552593045
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 308402214.9511725,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.2827769961422,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.28688726575374357
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 272503182.30885106,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.640329057949561,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.476405677296249
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 585176607.902273,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 114.74120153174674,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.185201953964015
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 603971998.2575591,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2119175820549684,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.11223196562029
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 839149300.3954787,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.9384446325987,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.486452007601194
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 703997627.5724875,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.10579580526329,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.355857342569804
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 1298226042.8518581,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 84.40772979993964,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.055892224068547
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 1868941719.4048529,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.961194562025874,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.59268184206305
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 1322450000.0067391,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.24070417627249,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.386985818411475
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "export_value_usd": 1058990446.9728681,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.922080459187754,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.56407089440717
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "hs_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 164969722936.03137,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 57.524288631205366,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.20511834346948,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 797353213.1926153,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 31.46246795475279,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7806659258391346,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "180310",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 358595937.22132057,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1472786698607098,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "780110",
      "hs_description": "Lead: unwrought, refined",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 667228103.023691,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 18.00352732341066,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9784533868021309,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "611030",
      "hs_description": "Jerseys, pullovers, cardigans, waistcoats and similar articles: of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 5547359933.625357,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 35.731349381565266,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1021631154889238,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "180320",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, wholly or partly defatted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 163534374.58002114,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 49.20002001173113,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5406079422017338,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "180400",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: butter, fat and oil",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1097343367.990961,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 45.800224586968,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.930261592299369,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "180500",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 410087376.48406905,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 38.9463210773277,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0716359543050764,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "400122",
      "hs_description": "Rubber: technically specified natural rubber (TSNR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip (excluding latex and smoked sheets)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1397273784.010034,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 16.485226687548376,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1226734737287096,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "hs_code": "610520",
      "hs_description": "Shirts: men's or boys', of man-made fibres, knitted or crocheted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1231878726.9589798,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1491921721906802,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "USA",
    "distance_km": 8044,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 22996100,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 69287.53804930179,
    "importer_population": 331893.738,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 4.2,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 2.024651849709091,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.674475463696969,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.5806451383189897,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.09383032537798
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-USA/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-USA/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-USA/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-USA/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-USA/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}