{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.147Z", "seo": { "title": "Ghana exports to Türkiye: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Türkiye, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "GHA", "country_name": "Ghana" }, "importer": { "iso3": "TUR", "country_name": "Türkiye" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "all_history_lane_count": 40, "current_lane_count": 23, "current_product_count": 23, "first_observed_last_year": 2001, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 153270078.12191337, "attention_trade_usd": 100031731.9648338, "critical_trade_usd": 89519700.55371076, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 35523382.10423935, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 100493069.28192817, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 99495088.17310198, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0, "critical_lane_count": 2, "high_attention_lane_count": 6, "high_volatility_lane_count": 10, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 14, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 13, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9152425360326125, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 43.93082022413272, "product_concentration_hhi": 2536.9197560106236, "top1_product_share_pct": 39.98324143260417, "top3_product_share_pct": 81.1761552147377, "top_product_hs6": "180100", "top_product_trade_usd": 61282345.37942564, "top_product_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted", "top_attention_product_hs6": "180100", "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "distance_km": 4901.42626953125, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.010199999436736107, "has_reported_fta": 0, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.16590691010101, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.772561373939395, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 4.8575332721414135, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.915028101797982, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 7, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 815271.751724, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 9587, "buyer_population_latest": 85042.732, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 11.86543006803118, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 11.08568690227736, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7019294631897877, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.79, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 23.340000000000003, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient", "attention_trade_share_pct": 65.26501009888376, "critical_trade_share_pct": 58.40650807426706, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_product_mix", "concentrated_buyer_markets" ], "attention_level": "Critical attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains materially below historical peaks", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 815271.751724, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 9587, "buyer_population_2024": 85042.732 }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 4994852.189429733, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1996, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 9539483.475919379, "yoy_growth_pct": 90.98630177900242, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 7383609.353773601, "yoy_growth_pct": -22.59948484200296, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 13083641.915939819, "yoy_growth_pct": 77.19845795001406, "cagr_3y_pct": 37.84848672830894 }, { "year": 1999, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 14462695.57456617, "yoy_growth_pct": 10.540288915628683, "cagr_3y_pct": 14.879215615744501 }, { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 22469411.32328635, "yoy_growth_pct": 55.361158004325574, "cagr_3y_pct": 44.913104677921645 }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 31119445.68776154, "yoy_growth_pct": 38.49693363132598, "cagr_3y_pct": 33.485594805200414 }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 37716796.45680016, "yoy_growth_pct": 21.200090886044244, "cagr_3y_pct": 37.64544718634619 }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 53231817.39322449, "yoy_growth_pct": 41.13557458198984, "cagr_3y_pct": 33.30912148775176 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 73475343.3442958, "yoy_growth_pct": 38.02899645813702, "cagr_3y_pct": 33.15881568096501 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 61427916.21792721, "yoy_growth_pct": -16.396557781181, "cagr_3y_pct": 17.654983806870472 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 58395760.81855393, "yoy_growth_pct": -4.9361195789486505, "cagr_3y_pct": 3.1343515789977294 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 27609971.809716083, "yoy_growth_pct": -52.719218959223426, "cagr_3y_pct": -27.838074495570318 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 52177210.88040161, "yoy_growth_pct": 88.97958766491823, "cagr_3y_pct": -5.295265183953591 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 72122441.99729893, "yoy_growth_pct": 38.22594343460581, "cagr_3y_pct": 7.2909359841457855 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 108513054.72540125, "yoy_growth_pct": 50.45671183660865, "cagr_3y_pct": 57.81151001495475 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 217395259.57057074, "yoy_growth_pct": 100.34018959350317, "cagr_3y_pct": 60.91248304855679 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 251825045.10890433, "yoy_growth_pct": 15.837413201347662, "cagr_3y_pct": 51.70835495081949 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 145914823.13058072, "yoy_growth_pct": -42.05706463093123, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.37544678590745 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 149354139.83062178, "yoy_growth_pct": 2.3570714929785908, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.7619845821486 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 158849376.2989474, "yoy_growth_pct": 6.357531487974755, "cagr_3y_pct": -14.237875429893144 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 155981955.94544852, "yoy_growth_pct": -1.8051190507053172, "cagr_3y_pct": 2.248822717029997 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 115278435.99115013, "yoy_growth_pct": -26.095018303613028, "cagr_3y_pct": -8.270237253519797 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 73999676.79984602, "yoy_growth_pct": -35.8078758064284, "cagr_3y_pct": -22.47982050259023 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 99304274.30385606, "yoy_growth_pct": 34.195551383898334, "cagr_3y_pct": -13.973710078597945 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 194190136.3090171, "yoy_growth_pct": 95.55063230694849, "cagr_3y_pct": 18.985223387875827 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 118939897.7954727, "yoy_growth_pct": -38.750803693653005, "cagr_3y_pct": 17.138388763564482 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 112183106.70274232, "yoy_growth_pct": -5.680844878771674, "cagr_3y_pct": 4.148536979661266 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 350100325.06041104, "yoy_growth_pct": 212.07936323968178, "cagr_3y_pct": 21.708744510305355 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "export_value_usd": 161946135.85629016, "yoy_growth_pct": -53.7429347349661, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.836042278190682 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "180100", "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 481182791.7544566, "current_below_peak_pct": 51.88258567313525, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5664700043162615, "attention_level": "Critical attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "180310", "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 137103175.10859, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9753988589279705, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "710812", "hs_description": "Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 20048457150.815643, "current_below_peak_pct": 88.59902176408544, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7243842409604626, "attention_level": "Critical attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "780110", "hs_description": "Lead: unwrought, refined", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 216974657.53212684, "current_below_peak_pct": 10.837413570404346, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5101317107668003, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "180500", "hs_description": "Cocoa: powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 170410296.95796162, "current_below_peak_pct": 33.11516169943579, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6604027299779187, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "400122", "hs_description": "Rubber: technically specified natural rubber (TSNR), in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip (excluding latex and smoked sheets)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 385142740.7017302, "current_below_peak_pct": 64.20641126635086, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.6858125932160877, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "710813", "hs_description": "Metals: gold, semi-manufactured", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 648791164.9653821, "current_below_peak_pct": 82.206858919105, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9634935408158941, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "230120", "hs_description": "Flours, meals and pellets: of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 246717524.63719472, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1078877730885066, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "120190", "hs_description": "Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1686665083.596765, "current_below_peak_pct": 80.535669365424, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6846186288823476, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "hs_code": "740400", "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 265713033.6380026, "current_below_peak_pct": 59.43922301535163, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.612597208348482, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown" ] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "TUR", "distance_km": 4863, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "shares_ethnic_language": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 0, "rta_coverage_ratio": null, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 0, "importer_is_eu": 0, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 815271.751724, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9586.612900959013, "importer_population": 85042.732, "importer_biz_entry_days": 7, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 9.16590691010101, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 9.772561373939395, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 4.8575332721414135, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.915028101797982 }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-TUR/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-TUR/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-TUR/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-TUR/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-TUR/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }