{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:15.499Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Ghana exports to Pakistan: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Pakistan, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "PAK",
    "country_name": "Pakistan"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "PAK",
    "all_history_lane_count": 15,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "current_product_count": 6,
    "first_observed_last_year": 2003,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 18663161.362467036,
    "attention_trade_usd": 17732036.170722894,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 398608.5998191087,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 845563.9936765624,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 761111.3730490794,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 18663161.362467036,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 2,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 3,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 3,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 3,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 6,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6690307974537715,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 3.5573108037979813,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 7575.3266618486505,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 86.5696439988994,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 97.86419571648382,
    "top_product_hs6": "120190",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 16156632.350427855,
    "top_product_description": "Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "120190",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
    "distance_km": 8137.30029296875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.006000000052154064,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 40.08605510242425,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 40.08605510242425,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 16.5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 346343.170486,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 1538,
    "buyer_population_latest": 225199.936,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 2.97495743635785,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.2398006628906222,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.713907734019493,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 16.71,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 7.442,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 95.01089245460471,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 346343.170486,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 1538,
    "buyer_population_2024": 225199.936
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 280297.03729405627,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 36455.45034461257,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -86.99399369449361,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 45269.25819547236,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.176927640566937,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 204182.76271221816,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 351.04066391050264,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.02258275498309
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 130426.96442253758,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.12244114535487,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 52.94489053823111
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 290184.68448136764,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 122.48826058794955,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 85.76206766587227
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 472039.06994000194,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 62.668498781613316,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.22684129651079
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 77281.83129426549,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -83.62808584804468,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.008241747543963
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 1249386.5687513303,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1516.6627366709904,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 62.68247906517199
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 467975.82626176416,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.543552334689224,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.28775572591305254
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 3370772.7873746725,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 620.287800825254,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 252.00650683805287
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 955975.2807226129,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -71.63928448979871,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.536052069373824
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 716859.6075024151,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.01274646342868,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.275468723723517
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 1352254.9745804595,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 88.63595611026302,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.247563973340014
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 2453189.0676660193,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 81.41468242164369,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 36.90777717832685
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 2857377.9238511687,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.47605810381738,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 58.55423928541676
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 6359861.2024134435,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 122.57682994350407,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 67.54431001498268
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 4907667.637938765,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.833730458199298,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.003141842070555
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 3220889.5361834816,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.370259483662494,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.072514688747275
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 1103477.995686412,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.7399614830022,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -44.225115464247125
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 6010163.908492651,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 444.65643465360296,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.9884898892965674
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 7831181.101239579,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.29896056867505,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.46744273103699
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 12693426.25300317,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 62.0882736448779,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 125.73820235833702
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 3705375.528062058,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -70.80870480351675,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -14.889729480038094
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 3164837.908023811,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.587930857333454,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -26.066476955641214
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 5672509.251711025,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.23538002782122,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -23.546251617994773
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 6118496.151976095,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.862250733756748,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.19637414697297
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "export_value_usd": 23402664.491765905,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 282.49046678255297,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 94.82197643272055
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "120190",
      "hs_description": "Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 413286542.04157174,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7140634778255999,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "230400",
      "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of soya-bean oil",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 110431899.94433147,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "710812",
      "hs_description": "Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 26946408.26002739,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 80.72583984093464,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8313428869534476,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "440729",
      "hs_description": "Wood, tropical: (as specified in subheading note 1, chapter 44, customs tariff), n.e.c. in item no. 4407.2, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, thicker than 6mm",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 11908677.756497916,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 72.2730904903446,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4249666426326004,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "780200",
      "hs_description": "Lead: waste and scrap",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12556188.47129538,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 77.71176596899647,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0750611415269666,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "hs_code": "180500",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 39440458.81490791,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2930031060370784,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "PAK",
    "distance_km": 7558,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 346343.170486,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 1537.9363628504764,
    "importer_population": 225199.936,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 16.5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.7,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 40.08605510242425,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 40.08605510242425,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-PAK/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-PAK/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-PAK/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-PAK/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-PAK/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}