{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:15.457Z", "seo": { "title": "Ghana exports to Nigeria: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Nigeria, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "GHA", "country_name": "Ghana" }, "importer": { "iso3": "NGA", "country_name": "Nigeria" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "all_history_lane_count": 125, "current_lane_count": 50, "current_product_count": 50, "first_observed_last_year": 1996, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 85682295.3913764, "attention_trade_usd": 79477894.40419209, "critical_trade_usd": 0, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 57841753.6579022, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 8261724.660669703, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 78419355.57112849, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 85682295.3913764, "critical_lane_count": 0, "high_attention_lane_count": 7, "high_volatility_lane_count": 33, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 31, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 33, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4790125869735193, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 20.51658120774782, "product_concentration_hhi": 1949.9124595390285, "top1_product_share_pct": 32.54748072189694, "top3_product_share_pct": 70.73215507598965, "top_product_hs6": "640212", "top_product_trade_usd": 27887428.574587025, "top_product_description": "Sports footwear: with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics, ski-boots, cross-country ski footwear and snowboard boots", "top_attention_product_hs6": "640212", "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "distance_km": 423.41021728515625, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 1, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.03179999813437462, "has_reported_fta": 1, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 26.985540913959593, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 27.20347591656565, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0, "tariff_advantage_pp": 27.20347591656565, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 7.2, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 440776.971536, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 2085, "buyer_population_latest": 211400.711, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": -17.702539793973116, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -19.412873862302447, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 2.1223415578896843, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 26.304000000000002, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 20.386000000000003, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer economy and income contracted", "attention_trade_share_pct": 92.75882962887015, "critical_trade_share_pct": 0, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_markets", "buyer_macro_weakness" ], "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 440776.971536, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 2085, "buyer_population_2024": 211400.711 }, "history": [ { "year": 1996, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 8591078.149783967, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 6982280.098911377, "yoy_growth_pct": -18.726381285602034, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 8267918.917955846, "yoy_growth_pct": 18.41287947249375, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1999, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 6963464.587657442, "yoy_growth_pct": -15.777299502362752, "cagr_3y_pct": -6.762081988092583 }, { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 16672584.502746526, "yoy_growth_pct": 139.42944338796872, "cagr_3y_pct": 33.66013234354703 }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 10870062.106049802, "yoy_growth_pct": -34.80277695243264, "cagr_3y_pct": 9.549888238728578 }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 9635007.198181223, "yoy_growth_pct": -11.361985753339908, "cagr_3y_pct": 11.431734520439463 }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 23935805.439848855, "yoy_growth_pct": 148.42540277880806, "cagr_3y_pct": 12.810200975778741 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 8402419.873428792, "yoy_growth_pct": -64.89602200960299, "cagr_3y_pct": -8.225058133234564 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 358642048.16779673, "yoy_growth_pct": 4168.318574532803, "cagr_3y_pct": 233.8897248222441 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 56576281.07595428, "yoy_growth_pct": -84.22486114916339, "cagr_3y_pct": 33.207532466541664 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 65624554.43017387, "yoy_growth_pct": 15.993050766401872, "cagr_3y_pct": 98.4056320033998 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 57384732.66685693, "yoy_growth_pct": -12.55600412812602, "cagr_3y_pct": -45.711015394755975 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 52026023.715290114, "yoy_growth_pct": -9.33821367205181, "cagr_3y_pct": -2.7561646503070136 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 50728991.7373422, "yoy_growth_pct": -2.493044605995376, "cagr_3y_pct": -8.223824817689717 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 469154266.6446812, "yoy_growth_pct": 824.824741390102, "cagr_3y_pct": 101.4527046609512 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 180851998.93469813, "yoy_growth_pct": -61.45148583468638, "cagr_3y_pct": 51.48427738803374 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 228864384.2962845, "yoy_growth_pct": 26.547887579015715, "cagr_3y_pct": 65.23700994816906 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 123357907.5179293, "yoy_growth_pct": -46.09999808522765, "cagr_3y_pct": -35.93554913638779 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 109521023.00973731, "yoy_growth_pct": -11.21686058608029, "cagr_3y_pct": -15.39590332691998 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 60199653.10739189, "yoy_growth_pct": -45.033700879474395, "cagr_3y_pct": -35.927462325891604 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 61303128.188989826, "yoy_growth_pct": 1.8330256482199658, "cagr_3y_pct": -20.791483253470076 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 64400530.39787466, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.0526005774712335, "cagr_3y_pct": -16.221872219378664 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 69225196.43378358, "yoy_growth_pct": 7.491655745847914, "cagr_3y_pct": 4.7667333423558444 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 68481060.91494891, "yoy_growth_pct": -1.074948945137999, "cagr_3y_pct": 3.7598370806839254 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 55886315.4295042, "yoy_growth_pct": -18.39157471740537, "cagr_3y_pct": -4.6167730493737675 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 66165425.87413625, "yoy_growth_pct": 18.39289344025241, "cagr_3y_pct": -1.4955980838953886 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 73955795.46868193, "yoy_growth_pct": 11.77407912308308, "cagr_3y_pct": 2.5968225918789223 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "export_value_usd": 101880237.25672892, "yoy_growth_pct": 37.75828738110478, "cagr_3y_pct": 22.15975602299991 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "640212", "hs_description": "Sports footwear: with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastics, ski-boots, cross-country ski footwear and snowboard boots", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27893766.590408262, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.9772843868682828, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "180610", "hs_description": "Cocoa: powder, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 18838709.567428887, "current_below_peak_pct": 31.012414818283833, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4746132985763543, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "151110", "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: palm oil and its fractions, crude, not chemically modified", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 48217347.68797711, "current_below_peak_pct": 17.057870267540423, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8501158073549858, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "271119", "hs_description": "Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons: liquefied, n.e.c. in heading no. 2711", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 60951109.75134953, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9998573007723793, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market", "buyer_macro_weakness", "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "190110", "hs_description": "Food preparations: of flour, meal, starch, malt extract or milk products, for infant use, put up for retail sale", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 43835016.92384758, "current_below_peak_pct": 48.85594718393765, "lane_volatility_cv": 2.0007081995334657, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "151710", "hs_description": "Margarine: excluding liquid margarine", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 26571912.57481349, "current_below_peak_pct": 71.75445987540938, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0772784358704315, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "151190", "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: palm oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 221329038.86001882, "current_below_peak_pct": 38.68893215262965, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9679632057446039, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "210112", "hs_description": "Preparations with a basis of extracts, essences or concentrates or with a basis of coffee", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16487320.105963215, "current_below_peak_pct": 82.94663816660855, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8499498876535012, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "330290", "hs_description": "Odoriferous substances and mixtures: used as raw materials in industries other than the food or drink industries", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 95156927.9676072, "current_below_peak_pct": 60.03853017280396, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7085200904636775, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "hs_code": "903180", "hs_description": "Instruments, appliances and machines: for measuring or checking n.e.c. in chapter 90", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 32178709.29023183, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 3.449564890103221, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "NGA", "distance_km": 556, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 1, "shares_ethnic_language": 1, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 1, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 1, "rta_coverage_ratio": 1, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 0, "importer_is_eu": 0, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 440776.971536, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2085.030695738767, "importer_population": 211400.711, "importer_biz_entry_days": 7.2, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 26.1, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 26.985540913959593, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 27.20347591656565, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0, "tariff_advantage_pp": 27.20347591656565 }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-NGA/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-NGA/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-NGA/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-NGA/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-NGA/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }