{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:15.481Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Ghana exports to South Korea: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to South Korea, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "KOR",
    "country_name": "South Korea"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "all_history_lane_count": 23,
    "current_lane_count": 10,
    "current_product_count": 10,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 36797414.7946141,
    "attention_trade_usd": 34290594.83272991,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 21854823.34207919,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 779622.5792723519,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 45282.47979341824,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 13599898.815128243,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 36797414.7946141,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 5,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 7,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 4,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 1,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 2,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 10,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.018203434855396,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 16.925810665750618,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 2321.171582631296,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 35.790861025534106,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 76.79568246552125,
    "top_product_hs6": "180100",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 13170111.590129659,
    "top_product_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "180100",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": 12774.5673828125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.526160713131315,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.600262464040403,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 18.432050728686868,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -3.8317882646464656,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1798533.915091,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 34758,
    "buyer_population_latest": 51744.877,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 1.3815058218118237,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.3868953035443221,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.00531575773807802,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 32.412,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 34.20399999999999,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 93.18751065563687,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "declining_buyer_demand",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1798533.915091,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 34758,
    "buyer_population_2024": 51744.877
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 7023158.818783365,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 4913826.73778872,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.03395103857339,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 2299795.603035897,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -53.197462471563824,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 1713586.3999754598,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.489621872769852,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -37.512784507284266
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 4162567.312046727,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 142.91551987727837,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.380537471259195
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 1862998.02164704,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.24401452307068,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.78029631201742
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 2669301.1633586898,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.27987106496296,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.921463744712948
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 8337264.190961275,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 212.33883629941488,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.0532646836213
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 5346566.196403701,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.8714552646646,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 42.10876051484753
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 6505690.0641398365,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.679781473870197,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 34.57527146003751
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 5671241.303132475,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.826445047035751,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.053575534308669
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 12617314.162356466,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 122.47888051223232,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.13655738184238
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 13428685.219515447,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.430616268394829,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 27.3249090973845
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 10718145.662565175,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.184698000152224,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 23.636634940874046
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 9009424.34731317,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.942322198698855,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.619377434955801
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 15198444.489543315,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.69495656596376,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.212996267458524
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 23314584.105802722,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.4011202386099,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.56946710771451
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 26652735.096187823,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.317866341670115,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 43.55387277767628
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 34391555.42569403,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.035745493201205,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 31.28574072203969
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 37092893.120010085,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.854654030267771,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.740355580645307
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 36489322.84430065,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.6271857623956332,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.038778014231386
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 27271633.43758162,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.26133314682424,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.4407605117866815
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 33855277.55877011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.14099667428029,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.998476161373098
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 28977785.926753446,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.40688714942514,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.3952780834508065
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 37342088.3847803,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.864532573914147,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.044184042497406
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 29656271.150199134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.582183715557044,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.318041761682689
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 29211498.76984059,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.4997582740794324,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.2681218492405435
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 30220882.947857894,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.455434402631341,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.809956297489039
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 27808019.23619307,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.984094031362021,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.122131343631406
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 40026509.85255015,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.93873045245273,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.07030411340486
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27706796.48096911,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 16.123549600634266,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5773012266064185,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "180310",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 34856726.66485335,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4164725371478457,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "740400",
      "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2090218541.1281333,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 48.77503781038222,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1347186120178854,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "970110",
      "hs_description": "Paintings, drawings and pastels: executed entirely by hand, other than drawings of heading no. 4906",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 405097458.71108365,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5230228264418708,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "760200",
      "hs_description": "Aluminium: waste and scrap",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1662820443.8393452,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.033609613397897,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "711292",
      "hs_description": "Waste and scrap of precious metals: of platinum, including metal clad with platinum but excluding sweepings containing other precious metals",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 208928649.23657542,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 34.40954830069758,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7253454847796147,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "780200",
      "hs_description": "Lead: waste and scrap",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 55728295.62032702,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 78.35005923071886,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1875948320442529,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "030487",
      "hs_description": "Fish fillets: frozen, tunas (of the genus Thunnus), skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito (Euthynnus (Katsuwonus) pelamis)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 103024922.04966727,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 85.08813183596799,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2454067098991097,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "740321",
      "hs_description": "Copper: copper-zinc base alloys (brass) unwrought",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 16927391.777237818,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 63.952736174403604,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2020568960964981,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "440799",
      "hs_description": "Wood: sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, thicker than 6mm, n.e.c. in heading no. 4407",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21636472.975840952,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 59.69111104323691,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9739888617280079,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "declining_buyer_demand",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "distance_km": 12784,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1798533.9150910003,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 34757.71939879189,
    "importer_population": 51744.877,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 14.6,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.526160713131315,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.600262464040403,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 18.432050728686868,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -3.8317882646464656
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-KOR/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-KOR/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-KOR/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-KOR/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-KOR/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}