{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.193Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Ghana exports to Japan: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Japan, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "JPN",
    "country_name": "Japan"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "all_history_lane_count": 22,
    "current_lane_count": 10,
    "current_product_count": 10,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1997,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 194941730.71601316,
    "attention_trade_usd": 194144221.13856465,
    "critical_trade_usd": 10150086.22531898,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 45298629.282434836,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 10947595.80276748,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 178902605.49899483,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 194941730.71601316,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 194941730.71601316,
    "critical_lane_count": 1,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 4,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 6,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 6,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 6,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 10,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.5799633299639338,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 17.566996484879898,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 5939.433477517264,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 75.33604894107356,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 95.63553857032633,
    "top_product_hs6": "180100",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 146861397.65879148,
    "top_product_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "180100",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": 13830.7646484375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.007199999876320362,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9783297279095353,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.060224438230304,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.7090602010402018,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.351164237190102,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 39285,
    "buyer_population_latest": 125681.595,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": -4.67885267787802,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -4.27363742210356,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.4233058113377264,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.977999999999998,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 24.869999999999997,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer economy and income contracted",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 99.59089848309065,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 5.206728281337259,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction",
      "buyer_macro_weakness"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 4937421.880462,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 39285,
    "buyer_population_2024": 125681.595
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 62501590.75853364,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 75674725.97009578,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.076479897055343,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 72185055.26749304,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.611408443000842,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 62858802.71321014,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.91992160942872,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.1901464079268278
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 57843947.61642414,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.977967890457604,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.567129241061588
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 36707010.84937161,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.541310954805816,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.18204885948548
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 36412344.06684012,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.8027534133483893,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.639397596542594
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 63006039.68860172,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 73.0348355847265,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.8903756355914245
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 86973528.84752028,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.03998676535522,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 33.31510439048691
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 90803392.2176149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.403481634980055,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.607740075015926
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 61204310.71010018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.59688959260358,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.9624375172887611
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 73706060.06708361,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.426256274985445,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.3678511765291255
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 98531427.2745673,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.681582199467556,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.7600326441064915
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 39513931.15189607,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.897129022817566,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.571679079161358
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 107282547.67248453,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 171.5056299007005,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.329235868923938
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 91541054.9607735,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.672929617375551,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.423093281420008
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 121253840.389454,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.45842583026033,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.31655311921992
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 121336166.4209574,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.06789560746196521,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.1886467001817085
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 85265976.87971054,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.72748406778142,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.339272983711438
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 90786727.00903144,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.4747397864324485,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -9.195169459245257
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 121424835.49754852,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.747343359419936,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.02435313641711012
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 164950782.74141026,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.8460005858855,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.602341306250942
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 153566995.0077025,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.901323864315256,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.14939519990493
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 138867527.14524794,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.572022856680418,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.5757672030549035
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 204721922.5433916,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.42245847674922,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.465729274029775
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 138225080.19066584,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.481544490493675,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.447618972396549
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 125061484.79632074,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.523304581330262,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.4302828147656284
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 130665968.4510633,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.481382628608821,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.900747677966374
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 126105330.62905173,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4903026978440943,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.01255211326108
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "export_value_usd": 200660579.0944127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.12140913747004,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.07014607187778
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 217212557.00349876,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 18.720596288225984,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.4278549701969269,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "180310",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 143319798.27091828,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0023509086318187,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "760120",
      "hs_description": "Aluminium: unwrought, alloys",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2428015655.202965,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 53.001958021774264,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1463262055595949,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "740400",
      "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1771069345.7516634,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2652134146230274,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "180500",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: powder, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 111805799.82543704,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 30.86091297575434,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6723723048557727,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "230120",
      "hs_description": "Flours, meals and pellets: of fish or of crustaceans, molluscs or other aquatic invertebrates",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 256097387.02119952,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 77.9907278344379,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5247154772615604,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "hs_description": "Metals: gold, semi-manufactured",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 125077051.44997519,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 76.48639403837991,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2728184073262898,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "030343",
      "hs_description": "Fish: frozen, skipjack tuna (stripe-bellied bonito) (Katsuwonus pelamis), excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 42569773.31087354,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 97.17266783804227,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5421405016970606,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "460219",
      "hs_description": "Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles: of vegetable materials (not bamboo or rattan), made directly to shape from plaiting materials or made up from goods of heading no. 4601: articles of loofah",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 49432168.11363938,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 88.04563873080326,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1516526396997717,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "JPN",
      "hs_code": "710510",
      "hs_description": "Stones: precious and semi-precious, dust and powder, of diamonds",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 32596751.2445771,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 60.175336226991604,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9852015637239545,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "JPN",
    "distance_km": 13822,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 4937421.880461999,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 39285.162481125415,
    "importer_population": 125681.595,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 11.1,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 7.5,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.9783297279095353,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 4.060224438230304,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.7090602010402018,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.351164237190102
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-JPN/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-JPN/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-JPN/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-JPN/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-JPN/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}