{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:18.550Z", "seo": { "title": "Ghana exports to Greece: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Greece, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "GHA", "country_name": "Ghana" }, "importer": { "iso3": "GRC", "country_name": "Greece" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "all_history_lane_count": 34, "current_lane_count": 14, "current_product_count": 14, "first_observed_last_year": 1995, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 8559777.046440708, "attention_trade_usd": 3406411.416609928, "critical_trade_usd": 0, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 2246483.048980983, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 4339571.23605524, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 5092315.340956418, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0, "critical_lane_count": 0, "high_attention_lane_count": 3, "high_volatility_lane_count": 5, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 7, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 5, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8170709913673282, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 45.19186570288555, "product_concentration_hhi": 1374.3941769541252, "top1_product_share_pct": 26.84796165319035, "top3_product_share_pct": 54.53676641304399, "top_product_hs6": "180310", "top_product_trade_usd": 2298125.6590269906, "top_product_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted", "top_attention_product_hs6": "260600", "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "distance_km": 4350.80126953125, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.02879999950528145, "has_reported_fta": 0, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.4316388243083715, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.1939455474875391, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.726467579381147, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 216240.589485, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 20277, "buyer_population_latest": 10664.568, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.329374957214838, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 4.9563802531924495, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.5973960748884899, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 20.778, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 14.094, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient", "attention_trade_share_pct": 39.795562409261215, "critical_trade_share_pct": 0, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_markets" ], "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 216240.589485, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 20277, "buyer_population_2024": 10664.568 }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 1826626.5480428077, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1996, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 7937135.044936152, "yoy_growth_pct": 334.52423558831043, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3023868.9674225645, "yoy_growth_pct": -61.90226132851582, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 5060509.613077001, "yoy_growth_pct": 67.35214612789238, "cagr_3y_pct": 40.4477640672843 }, { "year": 1999, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3745360.018808434, "yoy_growth_pct": -25.98848129583734, "cagr_3y_pct": -22.14677631799029 }, { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3946946.8480717735, "yoy_growth_pct": 5.382308463031915, "cagr_3y_pct": 9.286395769107326 }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3488699.9634832246, "yoy_growth_pct": -11.610161023891653, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.660191087986915 }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3583542.1806700174, "yoy_growth_pct": 2.71855471033684, "cagr_3y_pct": -1.4614160667842047 }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 6149805.398362879, "yoy_growth_pct": 71.61247414738246, "cagr_3y_pct": 15.931120063665748 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 17963366.118856378, "yoy_growth_pct": 192.09649664098887, "cagr_3y_pct": 72.67973239202962 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 11658478.836321613, "yoy_growth_pct": -35.098584757544096, "cagr_3y_pct": 48.17551862144316 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 8394502.424092453, "yoy_growth_pct": -27.99658907524323, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.928854550247058 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 14884531.122487519, "yoy_growth_pct": 77.31284560438634, "cagr_3y_pct": -6.074724199994119 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 13368578.898317425, "yoy_growth_pct": -10.184749601415366, "cagr_3y_pct": 4.668126741114054 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 11011630.527741168, "yoy_growth_pct": -17.630507988196886, "cagr_3y_pct": 9.467590127722625 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 12593665.031686358, "yoy_growth_pct": 14.366941389466659, "cagr_3y_pct": -5.418617085049615 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 10710905.666189404, "yoy_growth_pct": -14.950051162706224, "cagr_3y_pct": -7.12182989715866 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 14985375.417593969, "yoy_growth_pct": 39.90764072264754, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.81673034335424 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 4064297.6690770285, "yoy_growth_pct": -72.87823924447542, "cagr_3y_pct": -31.407317070081874 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 3429821.5133232567, "yoy_growth_pct": -15.610966701114105, "cagr_3y_pct": -31.585455167882447 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 11018188.685319504, "yoy_growth_pct": 221.24670751871435, "cagr_3y_pct": -9.743007247260127 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 2558169.6116298963, "yoy_growth_pct": -76.78230347390611, "cagr_3y_pct": -14.299910428636064 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 4340040.563843942, "yoy_growth_pct": 69.65413646199777, "cagr_3y_pct": 8.16184568556415 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 14882245.756287925, "yoy_growth_pct": 242.90568342307907, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.53999031507189 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 5027289.546997971, "yoy_growth_pct": -66.21955026596788, "cagr_3y_pct": 25.25686022164304 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 7295022.4859051285, "yoy_growth_pct": 45.10846088547509, "cagr_3y_pct": 18.898839408488357 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 6235183.291069604, "yoy_growth_pct": -14.528251240942192, "cagr_3y_pct": -25.172669661964864 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 14213500.49534387, "yoy_growth_pct": 127.95641814894645, "cagr_3y_pct": 41.402053529711246 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 14263555.82935878, "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3521675327714524, "cagr_3y_pct": 25.045209111592648 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "export_value_usd": 12420027.23679204, "yoy_growth_pct": -12.924747619890075, "cagr_3y_pct": 25.822344853522814 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "180310", "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 30811467.249794893, "current_below_peak_pct": 16.577991319128195, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8673473009694017, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "260600", "hs_description": "Aluminium ores and concentrates", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 53114431.05570476, "current_below_peak_pct": 89.06445155683727, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5910937633898312, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "740400", "hs_description": "Copper: waste and scrap", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 332081036.0247719, "current_below_peak_pct": 68.42976413235472, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.017434443934307, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "780199", "hs_description": "Lead: unwrought, unrefined, not containing by weight antimony as the principal other element", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19672469.611626603, "current_below_peak_pct": 63.4876023304434, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.48670131115607534, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "760200", "hs_description": "Aluminium: waste and scrap", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 310724601.69384354, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9405548510302131, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "441233", "hs_description": "Plywood: with sheets of wood only: not bamboo: each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 33554067.263489474, "current_below_peak_pct": 34.80183575553807, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.067859831944247, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "200899", "hs_description": "Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants: prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar, other sweetening matter or spirit, n.e.s. in heading no. 2008", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 17621697.66581471, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1309994109564285, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "780191", "hs_description": "Lead: unwrought, unrefined, containing by weight antimony as the principal other element", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 31385340.332492, "current_below_peak_pct": 8.25793596157714, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.3847332029814615, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage", "risk_driver_labels": [ "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "160414", "hs_description": "Fish preparations: tunas, skipjack and Atlantic bonito (sarda spp.), prepared or preserved, whole or in pieces (but not minced)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 46109045.12631758, "current_below_peak_pct": 63.833857343709774, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6510315107034558, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "hs_code": "441899", "hs_description": "Wood: builders' joinery and carpentry of wood n.e.c. in heading no. 4418, other than of bamboo or cellular wood panels", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 15861514.078163369, "current_below_peak_pct": 4.580408635152496, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7991147527340117, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "GRC", "distance_km": 4307, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "shares_ethnic_language": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 0, "rta_coverage_ratio": 1, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 0, "importer_is_eu": 1, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 216240.589485, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 20276.544674383436, "importer_population": 10664.568, "importer_biz_entry_days": 4, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 1.5, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.4316388243083715, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868686, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.1939455474875391, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.726467579381147 }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-GRC/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-GRC/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-GRC/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-GRC/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-GRC/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }