{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:15.498Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Ghana exports to Australia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Ghana to Australia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "GHA",
    "country_name": "Ghana"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "AUS",
    "country_name": "Australia"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "AUS",
    "all_history_lane_count": 27,
    "current_lane_count": 9,
    "current_product_count": 9,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1998,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 19388072.762351047,
    "attention_trade_usd": 18441586.406315215,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 3500117.580194453,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 11891062.275939602,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 10470604.525914567,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 19388072.762351047,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 3,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 5,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 5,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 6,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 9,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8939684621897721,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 48.517126941420244,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3498.8717146064514,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 43.585901861240444,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 95.11820299192513,
    "top_product_hs6": "270900",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 8450466.366984216,
    "top_product_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "270900",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 15717.052734375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.05820000171661377,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 6.141381561414142,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.872936858989899,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 10.862518412929292,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.9895815539393937,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 2,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1542659.899993,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 59934,
    "buyer_population_latest": 25739.256,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.672430715538289,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.1982410002894257,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.4285027544653106,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.404000000000003,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 25.023999999999997,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 95.11820299192513,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1542659.899993,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 59934,
    "buyer_population_2024": 25739.256
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 1919475.2496625932,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3782439.3385024094,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.05590573086522,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4395111.962794072,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.197817584412057,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4199410.848753654,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.452699173470109,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.818110322461266
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3599684.923245149,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.28119198402552,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.637209910568005
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2819444.1533003566,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.675251767351856,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -13.755544513960727
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 1829417.9248611636,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.114234388373966,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.193195859185433
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 1888639.2878913018,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.237169715314381,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.34557917749998
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 2376398.521443387,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.82596034506286,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.53913338492662
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3991700.8116824073,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 67.97270220728429,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.702501083408993
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3696647.8923061388,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.391659177279641,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.089163607473264
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 20544882.60085338,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 455.7706116293521,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 105.23974362132944
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 7392626.64821637,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.01718719040382,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.804306538193273
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 10048180.903142113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.92166061255715,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 39.55962265415798
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3407579.6374917673,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.08759664720804,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -45.056778893495505
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 7175998.103128704,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.58929992934145,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.9864768843928395
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 6693182.4410088295,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.728202198233147,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.666324277020147
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 6934501.177575256,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.605440889940148,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.723279604244166
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 4751859.958315854,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.475100564084013,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -12.83801624811124
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 77602871.87170786,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1533.1051957013426,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 126.33325896214261
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 6102692.310679002,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -92.13599682139613,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.16986883474002
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 5158966.989173466,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.464081645639016,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.7778918411643927
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 47331885.80503134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 817.4682820099712,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.194242413363368
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 3605226.2312150532,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -92.38309192651728,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -16.09193948124068
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 20336231.72915918,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 464.0764386179824,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 57.96804534765813
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 110627402.47515658,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 443.9916497240394,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.70979218147612
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 220903464.48084453,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 99.68241099256802,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 294.2363526949966
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 9429361.579880457,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -95.73145599955129,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -22.600657893077702
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 9000872.467261173,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.54420067561686,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -56.66814335968324
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "export_value_usd": 22035099.988942564,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.81071217363336,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -53.622838296255736
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "270900",
      "hs_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 4891418722.095874,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 79.2127421469478,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7001949964791405,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "180310",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa: paste, not defatted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 133766737.99759114,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0.7519209751215137,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8698356017027293,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "870410",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: dumpers, designed for off-highway use, for transport of goods",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1256252121.1265583,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 78.84995648217846,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.4791374435369062,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "710813",
      "hs_description": "Metals: gold, semi-manufactured",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 161468162.42933306,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 69.38880575316469,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2297807950395383,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "150420",
      "hs_description": "Fats and oils and their fractions: of fish, (excluding liver-oils)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 121244907.48707095,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 90.89472877325979,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5833020981618426,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "460219",
      "hs_description": "Basketwork, wickerwork and other articles: of vegetable materials (not bamboo or rattan), made directly to shape from plaiting materials or made up from goods of heading no. 4601: articles of loofah",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19138400.55115641,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 53.17294178033216,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1944524834336354,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "151190",
      "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: palm oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 73657213.33124006,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.153100400543769,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "200911",
      "hs_description": "Juice: orange, frozen, unfermented, (not containing added spirit), whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 35281064.81395622,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2823980273268503,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": "151590",
      "hs_description": "Vegetable fats and oils and their fractions: fixed, n.e.s. in heading no. 1515, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 50462481.66872152,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9327129522553383,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "GHA",
    "importer_iso3": "AUS",
    "distance_km": 15195,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 1,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 1,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1542659.8999929999,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 59934.12940890754,
    "importer_population": 25739.256,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 2,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.7,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 77594.279055,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2445.2907493314033,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 6.141381561414142,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 7.872936858989899,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 10.862518412929292,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -2.9895815539393937
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-AUS/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-AUS/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-AUS/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-AUS/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/GHA-AUS/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}