{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:17.885Z", "seo": { "title": "Spain exports to Namibia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from Spain to Namibia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "ESP", "country_name": "Spain" }, "importer": { "iso3": "NAM", "country_name": "Namibia" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "all_history_lane_count": 54, "current_lane_count": 41, "current_product_count": 41, "first_observed_last_year": 2002, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 41353829.63521274, "attention_trade_usd": 34017631.246273816, "critical_trade_usd": 0, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 40555720.79363087, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 2981843.750941128, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 26598417.79808971, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 41353829.63521274, "critical_lane_count": 0, "high_attention_lane_count": 5, "high_volatility_lane_count": 37, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 19, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 36, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.9763696905962649, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 25.98149406582791, "product_concentration_hhi": 2691.7281119420113, "top1_product_share_pct": 39.55072843701207, "top3_product_share_pct": 76.75227644294716, "top_product_hs6": "401180", "top_product_trade_usd": 16355740.85732761, "top_product_description": "Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on construction, mining or industrial handling vehicles and machines", "top_attention_product_hs6": "401180", "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "distance_km": 7334.43994140625, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": null, "has_reported_fta": 0, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 54, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 12236.250784, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 4729, "buyer_population_latest": 2587.344, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 1.2904996761134768, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -1.3852682406449879, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 2.713355164102671, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.18, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 9.026, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend weakened", "attention_trade_share_pct": 82.25992984530708, "critical_trade_share_pct": 0, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_product_mix", "concentrated_buyer_markets", "buyer_macro_weakness" ], "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 12236.250784, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 4729, "buyer_population_2024": 2587.344 }, "history": [ { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 8422139.782839276, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 11802040.624472776, "yoy_growth_pct": 40.13114159563458, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 20699025.28524764, "yoy_growth_pct": 75.38513841687704, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 27827955.66616301, "yoy_growth_pct": 34.440898944146014, "cagr_3y_pct": 48.94283609741266 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 15652447.45372121, "yoy_growth_pct": -43.752794342871645, "cagr_3y_pct": 9.868969153465201 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 32272630.343756214, "yoy_growth_pct": 106.18264612722737, "cagr_3y_pct": 15.956426459699436 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 18360945.63211398, "yoy_growth_pct": -43.106758152217765, "cagr_3y_pct": -12.942822916737818 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 38900560.385863565, "yoy_growth_pct": 111.86577840427256, "cagr_3y_pct": 35.453802456321505 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 22479539.461746044, "yoy_growth_pct": -42.21281328914971, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.355659075721636 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 19153884.68013892, "yoy_growth_pct": -14.794141077785284, "cagr_3y_pct": 1.4192998120761136 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 19604566.877817906, "yoy_growth_pct": 2.352954532227658, "cagr_3y_pct": -20.420635849442913 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 23864718.64336566, "yoy_growth_pct": 21.730404920947333, "cagr_3y_pct": 2.013184037555682 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 29309473.67596827, "yoy_growth_pct": 22.815081602130014, "cagr_3y_pct": 15.234817171199676 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 45747691.46269839, "yoy_growth_pct": 56.08499821069226, "cagr_3y_pct": 32.638818242747746 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 68286266.716881, "yoy_growth_pct": 49.26713137549257, "cagr_3y_pct": 41.96861662541702 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 33092007.549427293, "yoy_growth_pct": -51.53929312517733, "cagr_3y_pct": 4.129000162025953 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 31493856.89427763, "yoy_growth_pct": -4.829415842368023, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.701724420308812 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 60104552.1367829, "yoy_growth_pct": 90.84532052885457, "cagr_3y_pct": -4.164885707787991 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 116397583.12719324, "yoy_growth_pct": 93.65851501946393, "cagr_3y_pct": 52.08052951970754 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 70400473.2500009, "yoy_growth_pct": -39.517237936915826, "cagr_3y_pct": 30.75247237460832 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 54979861.71786607, "yoy_growth_pct": -21.904130498348074, "cagr_3y_pct": -2.9269312125703717 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 55351989.26780249, "yoy_growth_pct": 0.676843371935032, "cagr_3y_pct": -21.945773638943255 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 44436678.558307625, "yoy_growth_pct": -19.719816494190855, "cagr_3y_pct": -14.219480820076669 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 58153914.42874209, "yoy_growth_pct": 30.869174554608936, "cagr_3y_pct": 1.8884846747775352 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "export_value_usd": 77196270.7635158, "yoy_growth_pct": 32.7447541955356, "cagr_3y_pct": 11.726028801722045 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "401180", "hs_description": "Rubber: new pneumatic tyres, of a kind used on construction, mining or industrial handling vehicles and machines", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 43115372.127976246, "current_below_peak_pct": 15.990000350684538, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.278984391165766, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "271019", "hs_description": "", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 127837340.50989544, "current_below_peak_pct": 35.70342648943009, "lane_volatility_cv": 3.03826175340279, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "300490", "hs_description": "Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 86070986.31213021, "current_below_peak_pct": 14.54046683327958, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.982720035376191, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "870321", "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity not exceeding 1000cc", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10519751.854541691, "current_below_peak_pct": 5.101203613624375, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2824352294087884, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "732690", "hs_description": "Iron or steel: articles n.e.s. in heading no. 7326", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 26303809.087770686, "current_below_peak_pct": 92.01204994028444, "lane_volatility_cv": 3.493735352231295, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "732611", "hs_description": "Iron or steel: grinding balls and similar articles for mills, forged or stamped, but not further worked", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12546258.047356496, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1281402021895715, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness", "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "330499", "hs_description": "Cosmetic and toilet preparations: n.e.c. in heading no. 3304, for the care of the skin (excluding medicaments, including sunscreen or sun tan preparations)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 33894805.74485888, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 2.0169920106542385, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "848180", "hs_description": "Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances: for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, including thermostatically controlled valves", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 26561317.9523281, "current_below_peak_pct": 9.084241113884554, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.9021067293247018, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "840999", "hs_description": "Engines: parts for internal combustion piston engines (excluding spark-ignition)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21176780.572287414, "current_below_peak_pct": 74.9451166256806, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.4108198009681858, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "hs_code": "843149", "hs_description": "Machinery: parts of machines handling earth, minerals or ores and n.e.c. in heading no. 8431", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 51548980.00124404, "current_below_peak_pct": 44.65098719901821, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5017837626868518, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier", "buyer_macro_weakness" ] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "NAM", "distance_km": 7297, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "shares_ethnic_language": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 0, "rta_coverage_ratio": 1, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 1, "importer_is_eu": 0, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 12236.250784, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 4729.270937300954, "importer_population": 2587.344, "importer_biz_entry_days": 54, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 8.9, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-NAM/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-NAM/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-NAM/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-NAM/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-NAM/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }