{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:17.957Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain exports to Liberia: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Spain to Liberia, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "ESP",
    "country_name": "Spain"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "LBR",
    "country_name": "Liberia"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "LBR",
    "all_history_lane_count": 14,
    "current_lane_count": 6,
    "current_product_count": 6,
    "first_observed_last_year": 2010,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 8484650.476096451,
    "attention_trade_usd": 7269630.009594196,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 7310739.2491326025,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 655582.3165803292,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 8133664.3240614245,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 0,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 1,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 2,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 3,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 5,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 0,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.8227245545021482,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 26.512983928153748,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 7403.466250843014,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 85.67978174321624,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 95.73174694057022,
    "top_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 7269630.009594196,
    "top_product_description": "",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "271019",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 3858.0673828125,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.2241000086069107,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.004519196363638,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.004519196363638,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 18,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 3486.74137,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 673,
    "buyer_population_latest": 5180.208,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 7.56124370446094,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 5.285811701082199,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 2.161195289863871,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 20.546,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": -56.306,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 85.67978174321624,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 3486.74137,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 673,
    "buyer_population_2024": 5180.208
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 3006644.5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 97676861,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3148.7000375335365,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 73429369.99999999,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.82419147355689,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 25420867,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -65.380518721596,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 103.72113752291936
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 109605906.5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 331.16509952237266,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.9156012156500664
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 2889701.534444445,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.36355309059512,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -65.98573725286643
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 9509327.992166664,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 229.0764765432727,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -27.94681942132067
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 3433993.028461539,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.888162956517,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -68.47499600422296
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 169247721.27874997,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4828.59827833065,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 288.3499740990813
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 18201357.956598494,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -89.24572938466866,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.160843553460065
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 124979584.99499992,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 586.6497834558073,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 231.3954614626511
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 161112366.64100003,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.91094705382937,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.628638473647115
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 27574066.896999948,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.88519530071699,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.850355732958832
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 40255837.79099998,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.99165926945583,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -31.451714467793323
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 42414158.20999845,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.361509131182474,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -35.90945102471631
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 37353599.44899897,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.93129599777495,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.648078777200354
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 59038715.38944387,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.05361801893505,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.615088188238245
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 23644543.198000006,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.95078307170001,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.698700607200323
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 51825682.42484293,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 119.18665118988913,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.533207177677296
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 55930487.489721715,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.920407166526999,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.786640126940553
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 17842914.17766415,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -68.09805353306973,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -8.957336899087709
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 21393456.73759198,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.89889389465549,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -25.541895184570983
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 16903936.067666486,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.985485071407993,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -32.89115788776227
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 50708052.760317996,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 199.97778361994256,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 41.645804583021494
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 35395153.76163115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.198160183879274,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.273544810271435
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 14646632.843669591,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -58.61966600764779,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -4.66552385755813
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 22248575.748210456,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.9023244842687,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.012569289484176
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 24979008.50054099,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.272393447702612,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.968478048631669
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 21636070.661205314,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.382988517191452,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 13.888585418868615
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "export_value_usd": 20649118.962850932,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.56160323105268,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.456177490805278
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "271019",
      "hs_description": "",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2780444020.160649,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 24.264767386287332,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.9923960525778597,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "847420",
      "hs_description": "Machines: for crushing or grinding earth, stone, ores or other mineral substances",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12751910.97585539,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.704598537040464,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "020649",
      "hs_description": "Offal, edible: of swine, (other than livers), frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10539761.135104101,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 65.60664940955553,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7285778195828531,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "020714",
      "hs_description": "Meat and edible offal: of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, cuts and offal, frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 35172941.39809093,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 83.18376202693017,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9901802195696132,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "842121",
      "hs_description": "Machinery: for filtering or purifying water",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19714080.257417995,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5173375617845247,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBR",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "hs_description": "Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 14036896.075696124,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 87.87954948772554,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.9746402791375262,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "LBR",
    "distance_km": 3845,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 3486.74137,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 673.0890670799321,
    "importer_population": 5180.208,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 18,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 6.3,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 11.004519196363638,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 11.004519196363638,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LBR/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LBR/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LBR/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LBR/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LBR/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}