{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:17.960Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Spain exports to Laos: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Spain to Laos, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "ESP",
    "country_name": "Spain"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "LAO",
    "country_name": "Laos"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "LAO",
    "all_history_lane_count": 28,
    "current_lane_count": 9,
    "current_product_count": 9,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1998,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 8699104.490792863,
    "attention_trade_usd": 6677407.405528835,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 1153808.039397759,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 415620.96971361485,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 8030841.051866514,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 8699104.490792863,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 8699104.490792863,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 1,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 3,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 4,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 6,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 9,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8829061708852138,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 14.776024131619966,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 6040.055956571603,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 76.7597102965737,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 92.24852511494647,
    "top_product_hs6": "470710",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 6677407.405528835,
    "top_product_description": "Paper or paperboard: waste and scrap, of unbleached kraft paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or paperboard",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "470710",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
    "distance_km": 10040.416015625,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0011999999405816197,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 10.101050951515152,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.101050951515152,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 173,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 18827.148530000002,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 2551,
    "buyer_population_latest": 7379.358,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": -2.5109792412985388,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": -3.884622678053995,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.4291609470088673,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 29.576,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 14.948000000000002,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer economy and income contracted",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 76.7597102965737,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction",
      "buyer_macro_weakness"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 18827.148530000002,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 2551,
    "buyer_population_2024": 7379.358
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 362649,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 84861,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -76.59968730094388,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 73508,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.378348122223404,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 164425.99999999997,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 123.68449692550465,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -23.176397419756068
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 959314,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 483.43206062301596,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 124.43170688487383
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 164099.244,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -82.89410516264748,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 30.694503892108393
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 627583.298,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 282.44130972352315,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 56.27888179180627
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 1182570.5729999999,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 88.43244821343221,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 7.223199379704659
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 467893.419,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.434207506700744,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 41.80126946232918
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 123046.4528,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.70203388135279,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -41.90582699265404
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 395167.041,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 221.15272891475018,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -30.606645431054393
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 152113.143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.50662195534673,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -31.23935618778382
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 496971.709,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 226.71187985380064,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 59.25296348040945
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 539431.177,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.543638849268987,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.930705777290495
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 633037.26966171,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.352740563178457,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 60.8499190042288
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 531779.534300326,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.995540896904114,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 2.282181996629884
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 909475.6322072978,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.02494051485355,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.01956025984046
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 942306.9460963156,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6099168274950078,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.179386274087037
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 1722923.9671358096,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 82.84105558951329,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.97152999545826
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 1742615.7840077693,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1429301145944093,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 24.204364956229462
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 876086.9582990514,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.72575329920544,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.39959773854993
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 1753779.2727829304,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 100.18324164851676,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.5934276952217932
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 2380574.5053833197,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.73968756089692,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.958364047651315
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 4749083.312482977,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 99.49316023269267,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 75.66592397467764
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 4833024.725191079,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7675287457573408,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 40.20000463080973
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 6338261.800721463,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 31.1448246412783,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 38.59986219756504
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 10398980.256482357,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.06675179145608,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.855491911531228
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 13597429.855135746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.757338890605055,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 41.171144853780504
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 17570339.886580236,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.21809543252707,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 40.47638727977307
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "export_value_usd": 15838694.406707222,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.855503598969072,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.05607167897236
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "470710",
      "hs_description": "Paper or paperboard: waste and scrap, of unbleached kraft paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or paperboard",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 73644022.68326288,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 7.310353492953328,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8452456244247724,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "843139",
      "hs_description": "Machinery: parts of the machinery of heading no. 8428, (other than lifts, skip hoists or escalators)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 11360794.223828744,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 34.072948758195345,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.2273677676877264,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "551219",
      "hs_description": "Fabrics, woven: of synthetic staple fibres, containing 85% or more by weight of polyester staple fibres, other than unbleached or bleached",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 17447166.799696766,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 26.345778758938863,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8005838913619853,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer macroeconomic trend has weakened",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "870323",
      "hs_description": "Vehicles: spark-ignition internal combustion reciprocating piston engine, cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 3000cc",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 14279774.002280176,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 74.64404159497717,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7272105743640123,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "392310",
      "hs_description": "Plastics: boxes, cases, crates and similar articles for the conveyance or packing of goods",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 22032935.8410416,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 37.072804216770884,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.28181815344281824,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "841090",
      "hs_description": "Turbines: parts of hydraulic turbines and water wheels, including regulators",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 14977225.0884078,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 74.31376171053442,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.5901808798653223,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "300490",
      "hs_description": "Medicaments: consisting of mixed or unmixed products n.e.s. in heading no. 3004, for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, packaged for retail sale",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 30941057.9036327,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.069332274378144,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "220300",
      "hs_description": "Beer: made from malt",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10317478.573437601,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 65.99078475309487,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5640231472463851,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LAO",
      "hs_code": "020629",
      "hs_description": "Offal, edible: of bovine animals, (other than tongues and livers), frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 19833744.048166174,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 90.53253081185917,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8008370840953135,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "buyer_macro_weakness"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "importer_iso3": "LAO",
    "distance_km": 10044,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 1,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 18827.148530000002,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 2551.3260814829696,
    "importer_population": 7379.358,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 173,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 4.6,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 10.101050951515152,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 10.101050951515152,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LAO/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LAO/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LAO/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LAO/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ESP-LAO/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}