{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:02.871Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Colombia exports to Kazakhstan: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Colombia to Kazakhstan, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "COL",
    "country_name": "Colombia"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "KAZ",
    "country_name": "Kazakhstan"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "COL",
    "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
    "all_history_lane_count": 19,
    "current_lane_count": 5,
    "current_product_count": 5,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1999,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 15783606.633772066,
    "attention_trade_usd": 15518663.233834065,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 11785015.015644364,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 0,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 15783606.633772066,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 15783606.633772066,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 3,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 3,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 0,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 5,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 5,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 2.089196000314818,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 0.23074790029553915,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3464.267501880227,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 45.1450930058003,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 98.32140140029149,
    "top_product_hs6": "060312",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 7125523.894486064,
    "top_product_description": "Flowers, cut: carnations, flowers and buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "060312",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
    "distance_km": 14007.7685546875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 8.628611673333333,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 8.811168753409962,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 5.992773317241379,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.8183954361685832,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 5,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 190814.274226,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 10041,
    "buyer_population_latest": 19002.586,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 9.917422718979218,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 8.399650809013636,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.4001630989012082,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 27.696000000000005,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 36.538,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 98.32140140029148,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 190814.274226,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 10041,
    "buyer_population_2024": 19002.586
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 6399.659817338043,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1665.789027615429,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.97066289207355,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 7009.785791765163,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 320.8087384150708,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 61124.61772021375,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 771.9898087616413,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 112.17119493678838
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1459527.1220234325,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2287.78936615054,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 856.894498217541
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 21597.94741839014,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.52020924500206,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.51326236297628
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 102.52852499846881,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.52528579215279,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -88.11836561142725
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 5278.474458596367,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5048.2984454084335,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -84.65034030406531
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 50083.25969013109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 848.8207261961261,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.360998875646054
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 53949.25338198632,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.71913353039404,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 707.3222273600235
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 254414.71842365092,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 371.5815372314311,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 263.92447936552867
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 520222.1088960663,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 104.47799251527319,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 118.18860853412194
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 731361.522712738,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.586397657092775,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 138.44170747371862
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 668025.989842867,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.659948726171606,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 37.95910732154519
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1293418.1829940074,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 93.61794341238804,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.472159026010466
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1462260.3434631012,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.053949812137144,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 25.978818595894815
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1452193.319410697,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6884563407198896,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 29.54192858783431
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 1581726.2621585068,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.919813981817137,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 6.937687368499801
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2676278.354141418,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.19984311882308,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.32132961409392
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2331139.2061676867,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.896235081064876,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 17.08859409039818
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2372722.164713137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7838041776068403,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.473559511217559
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2195207.179778709,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.481490567012483,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.391616773171005
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2111393.1178783216,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.8180479123996136,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.246437614888442
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2672139.485213976,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.558122340529945,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 4.040894899049641
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 3002626.078962191,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.367864610995438,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.004839343989836
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 2876896.6730666747,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.187314790091101,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 10.862598590084938
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 3730199.370968102,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.660526423836963,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 11.761178669834083
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 6321727.56867362,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 69.47425432204007,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 28.16757716557774
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 12790428.779072931,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 102.32489679647058,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 64.43222997449764
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "export_value_usd": 16364759.865946889,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.945357803188763,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 63.70396465211934
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": "060312",
      "hs_description": "Flowers, cut: carnations, flowers and buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 10544648.217124814,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.550748879392306,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": "060319",
      "hs_description": "Flowers, cut: flowers and buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh, other than roses, carnations, orchids, or chrysanthemums",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27578090.48785341,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 2.3965164600831463,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": "060311",
      "hs_description": "Flowers, cut: roses, flowers and buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 119027787.30197276,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9518623522019664,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": "020230",
      "hs_description": "Meat: of bovine animals, boneless cuts, frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 20138424.280986197,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 21.54964707389353,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.3109256322421023,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "COL",
      "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
      "hs_code": "060314",
      "hs_description": "Flowers, cut: chrysanthemums, flowers and buds of a kind suitable for bouquets or ornamental purposes, fresh",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 11715044.113054557,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7220339231494488,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "COL",
    "importer_iso3": "KAZ",
    "distance_km": 13960,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 190814.274226,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 10041.489838593548,
    "importer_population": 19002.586,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 5,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 0.2,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 314322.45322799997,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6131.225801928699,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 8.628611673333333,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 8.811168753409962,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 5.992773317241379,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 2.8183954361685832
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COL-KAZ/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COL-KAZ/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COL-KAZ/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COL-KAZ/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COL-KAZ/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}