{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:57.772Z", "seo": { "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo exports to Spain: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from Democratic Republic of the Congo to Spain, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "COD", "country_name": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, "importer": { "iso3": "ESP", "country_name": "Spain" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "all_history_lane_count": 21, "current_lane_count": 6, "current_product_count": 6, "first_observed_last_year": 1996, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 331607197.2414745, "attention_trade_usd": 283718020.4371509, "critical_trade_usd": 0, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 305483034.33063585, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 178082.71827177313, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 283964472.8753398, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0, "critical_lane_count": 0, "high_attention_lane_count": 1, "high_volatility_lane_count": 3, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 2, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 4, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1380726702615167, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 9.72923058655068, "product_concentration_hhi": 7424.272469900771, "top1_product_share_pct": 85.55846278286566, "top3_product_share_pct": 99.92567940616517, "top_product_hs6": "740311", "top_product_trade_usd": 283718020.4371509, "top_product_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes", "top_attention_product_hs6": "740311", "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "distance_km": null, "shares_land_border": null, "shares_official_language": null, "common_spoken_language_score": null, "has_reported_fta": null, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": null, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": null, "buyer_population_latest": null, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient", "attention_trade_share_pct": 85.55846278286566, "critical_trade_share_pct": 0, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_product_mix", "concentrated_buyer_markets" ], "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": null, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": null, "buyer_population_2024": null }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 29844487.5877181, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1996, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 14031364.530745158, "yoy_growth_pct": -52.985071398848596, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 11318413.755133586, "yoy_growth_pct": -19.33490338496321, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 7567038.253456093, "yoy_growth_pct": -33.14400394645421, "cagr_3y_pct": -36.70725458384692 }, { "year": 1999, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 3302452.3323541, "yoy_growth_pct": -56.35739873726988, "cagr_3y_pct": -38.25825732708489 }, { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 2467586.16255744, "yoy_growth_pct": -25.28018835025967, "cagr_3y_pct": -39.81398531574519 }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 564435.143914107, "yoy_growth_pct": -77.12602086692209, "cagr_3y_pct": -57.90511063398207 }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 24818479.721046023, "yoy_growth_pct": 4297.047205271609, "cagr_3y_pct": 95.87523884742303 }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 3073342.871569058, "yoy_growth_pct": -87.61671582581721, "cagr_3y_pct": 7.591896466351744 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 2782860.2494354574, "yoy_growth_pct": -9.451682883182444, "cagr_3y_pct": 70.19982799772131 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 4249976.180478778, "yoy_growth_pct": 52.71971279696657, "cagr_3y_pct": -44.46879378636909 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 4008284.7121967585, "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6868899499288865, "cagr_3y_pct": 9.256977686416645 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 5086846.996188519, "yoy_growth_pct": 26.908325167366897, "cagr_3y_pct": 22.26976923530426 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 6399576.571905016, "yoy_growth_pct": 25.8063507060484, "cagr_3y_pct": 14.618551204836706 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 3021224.981238817, "yoy_growth_pct": -52.79023623996637, "cagr_3y_pct": -8.992992328346972 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 2568776.189660402, "yoy_growth_pct": -14.97567358895906, "cagr_3y_pct": -20.367100197344257 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 99343720.32575618, "yoy_growth_pct": 3767.3560088895733, "cagr_3y_pct": 149.45740103472392 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 9338260.520642268, "yoy_growth_pct": -90.60004951493526, "cagr_3y_pct": 45.666931865071824 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 142631282.55943167, "yoy_growth_pct": 1427.3859863316575, "cagr_3y_pct": 281.5014328913355 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 89889855.56674206, "yoy_growth_pct": -36.97746107745563, "cagr_3y_pct": -3.27841141116777 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 58495592.24020132, "yoy_growth_pct": -34.925257281374655, "cagr_3y_pct": 84.33977462663526 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 154372952.518027, "yoy_growth_pct": 163.9052732112243, "cagr_3y_pct": 2.6720281487106146 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 126653522.52285649, "yoy_growth_pct": -17.956144222825277, "cagr_3y_pct": 12.107722574741597 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 113168213.18110889, "yoy_growth_pct": -10.647401724901872, "cagr_3y_pct": 24.604513005517493 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 124363126.4625641, "yoy_growth_pct": 9.892277139287708, "cagr_3y_pct": -6.952050497294282 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 150980411.56377065, "yoy_growth_pct": 21.402875481116922, "cagr_3y_pct": 6.0313873655516215 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 154232591.32271683, "yoy_growth_pct": 2.1540408621634644, "cagr_3y_pct": 10.870813006542356 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 317201305.29146343, "yoy_growth_pct": 105.6642520047856, "cagr_3y_pct": 36.63053788666932 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 301809880.4349536, "yoy_growth_pct": -4.852257730266052, "cagr_3y_pct": 25.971108052355675 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 332861357.237602, "yoy_growth_pct": 10.288422883272919, "cagr_3y_pct": 29.229721412049358 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "740311", "hs_description": "Copper: refined, unwrought, cathodes and sections of cathodes", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 949520764.2874786, "current_below_peak_pct": 6.962701838096056, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.137605226747219, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "260300", "hs_description": "Copper ores and concentrates", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2479760395.4502854, "current_below_peak_pct": 47.55911743809196, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5861178022695662, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The lane has limited historical coverage", "risk_driver_labels": [ "limited_history" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "180100", "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 521650903.131717, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.8064208753798348, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "440729", "hs_description": "Wood, tropical: (as specified in subheading note 1, chapter 44, customs tariff), n.e.c. in item no. 4407.2, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, thicker than 6mm", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 21018200.089988135, "current_below_peak_pct": 84.77543418986002, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8868732770009173, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "440399", "hs_description": "Wood: in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, untreated, n.e.c. in heading no. 4403", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 13246653.216148911, "current_below_peak_pct": 31.187941145196547, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7607664000200901, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "440728", "hs_description": "Wood, tropical: iroko, sawn or chipped lengthwise, sliced or peeled, whether or not planed, sanded or end-jointed, thicker than 6mm", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 17231792.503993753, "current_below_peak_pct": 88.98249350523216, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.029605834575573, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "COD", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "distance_km": 5321, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "shares_ethnic_language": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 1, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 0, "rta_coverage_ratio": null, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 0, "importer_is_eu": 1, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804, "importer_population": 47326.687, "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 53958.573693000006, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 584.1064281843002, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": null, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": null, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null, "tariff_advantage_pp": null }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COD-ESP/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COD-ESP/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COD-ESP/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COD-ESP/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/COD-ESP/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }